ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2022
Whey protein hydrolysate mitigates both inflammation and endotoxin tolerance in THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation combined with nutritional support on gastrointestinal function and nutritional status of patients after unicondylar knee arthroplasty.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Properties of Sweet Whey-Derived Peptides in THP-1 Macrophages.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Dietary factors and their influence on immunotherapy strategies in oncology: a comprehensive review.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
- Effect of Food Amounts on Larval Performance, Bacteriome and Molecular Immunologic Development during First-Feeding Culture of European Eel.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Antioxidant Activity of Sweet Whey Derived from Bovine, Ovine and Caprine Milk Obtained from Various Small-Scale Cheese Plants in Greece before and after In Vitro Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Whey protein hydrolysate mitigates both inflammation and endotoxin tolerance in THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIt is important to control both inflammation and immunosuppression after severe insults, such as sepsis, trauma, and surgery. Endotoxin tolerance is one of the immunosuppressive conditions and it has been known that endotoxin tolerance relates to poorer clinical outcomes in patients with severe insults. This study investigated whether whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) mitigates inflammation and endotoxin tolerance in THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells.
methodsEndotoxin tolerance can be experimentally reproduced by two consecutive stimulations with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). THP-1 cells were incubated with LPS and WPH (first stimulation). After collecting the culture supernatant to evaluate the effect on inflammation, the cells were washed and restimulated by 100 ng/ml LPS (second stimulation). The culture supernatant was again collected to evaluate the effect on endotoxin tolerance. Concentrations of LPS and WPH in the first stimulation were adjusted to evaluate their dose dependency. Cytokine levels in the supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using the student's t-test or Dunnett's test.
resultsFive mg/ml WPH significantly decreased interleukin (IL)-6 (p = .006) and IL-10 (p < .001) levels after the first LPS stimulation (1000 ng/ml). WPH significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p < .001) and IL-10 (p = .014) levels after the second LPS stimulation. The suppressive effect of WPH on inflammation and endotoxin tolerance was dependent on the concentrations of LPS and WPH. The effective dose of WPH for endotoxin tolerance was lower than its effective dose for inflammation.
conclusionWPH mitigated both inflammation and endotoxin tolerance. Therefore, WPH might be a candidate for valuable food ingredients to control both inflammation and immunosuppression after severe insults.
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