ArticleBMC psychology2022
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a tool to screen for depression in people with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional validation study.
Article in BMC psychology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07741864 (Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Pain Management in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Pain Management in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- The relationship between disability and quality of life among older adults: the roles of sleep, depression, and living arrangements.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Health Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic in Older Adults with Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Path Analysis Model.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Understanding Depression in People Living with Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review of Recent Literature.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Charting the course of depression care: a meta-analysis of reliability generalization of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ- 9) as the measure.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Suicidal Ideation in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Its Association With Clinical and Demographic Characteristics.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- Factors associated with generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents with cultural diversity: secondary data analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- ChatGPT vs. neurologists: a cross-sectional study investigating preference, satisfaction ratings and perceived empathy in responses among people living with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Stressful life events and depression and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional analysis of an international cohort.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Article
- Identification and management of subclinical disease activity in early multiple sclerosis: a review.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Psychological distress and academic self-efficacy of nursing undergraduates under the normalization of COVID-19: multiple mediating roles of social support and mindfulness.BMC medical education · 2023Article
- The mediating role of negative emotions in the relationship between smoking and health-related quality of life among Chinese individuals: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Educational degree differences in the association between work stress and depression among Chinese healthcare workers: Job satisfaction and sleep quality as the mediators.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Psychometric Evaluation of Patient Health Questionnaire 9 Hindi for Use with Patients with Cancer in Community Palliative Care Settings.Indian journal of palliative careArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDepression has a point prevalence of 25% and lifetime prevalence of 50% in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Due to accessibility and brevity, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) may be a useful tool in clinical practice for screening and monitoring of depressive symptoms in people with MS (pwMS).
methodsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability, validity and acceptability of the PHQ-9 as a screening tool for depressive symptoms in pwMS. PwMS completed online questionnaires at 3 time-points over 4-weeks. The PHQ-9, Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29), Centre for Disease Control Health-Related Quality of Life Measure (CDC-HQOL-4) and clinical history.
results103 participants completed the PHQ-9 at three time points, 43% were categorised as depressed on at least one response. The PHQ-9 exhibited high internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.89), and test-re-test agreement (ICC 0.89, 95% CI 0.85-0.91). Convergent validity was indicated through positive correlation with the mental health items on the MSIS-29 (r = 0.46 and r = 0.50) and CDC-HQOL-4 (r = 0.79 and r = 0.73) at both assessment points. Positive correlations between the PHQ-9 and the MSIS-29 (r = 0.86 and r = 0.84) and CDC-HQOL-4 (r = 0.55 and r = 0.37) physical symptom sub-scores did not indicate divergent validity. 93% of ratings evaluated the PHQ-9 as "Very" or "Completely" acceptable.
conclusionThe PHQ-9 is a reliable and valid measure of depressive symptoms in people with MS. Given its accessibility, ease of administration, and acceptability, we recommend the PHQ-9 as a tool to screen for depressive symptoms in people with MS.
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