ArticleHealth research policy and systems2022
Household financial burden associated with healthcare for older people in Viet Nam: a cross-sectional survey.
Article in Health research policy and systems, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- From individual burden to social risk pooling: drivers of the declining out-of-pocket health expenditure share in China (2009-2024).International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Factors influencing financial protection of the elderly within the framework of universal health coverage: A scoping review.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Review
- Distress financing on inpatient health expenditure across States in India.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Beyond poverty alleviation: The impact of child support grants on healthcare access and contraception use in South Africa.Dialogues in health · 2025Article
- Determinants of distress financing for healthcare service utilization: a convergent mixed-method study at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia.Health policy and planning · 2025Article
- Economic burdens of health expenditure for multi-morbidity of older people with hypertension in China and Vietnam.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Household financial burden associated with out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in Iran: insights from a cross-sectional survey.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Analysis of health expenditures in China from 2000 to 2019 compared with the world and upper-middle-income countries.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Heterogeneity of financial toxicity and associated risk factors for older cancer survivors in China.iScience · 2023Article
- Research to inform health systems' responses to rapid population ageing: a collection of studies funded by the WHO Centre for Health Development in Kobe, Japan.Health research policy and systems · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Outpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPopulation ageing and the associated increase in the healthcare needs of older people are putting pressure on the healthcare system in Viet Nam. The country prioritizes healthcare for older people and has developed financial protection policies to mitigate financial hardship due to out-of-pocket health expenditures (OOPHEs) borne by their households. This study examines the level and determinants of the financial burden of OOPHE among households with people aged ≥ 60 years in Viet Nam.
methodsA cross-sectional household survey was conducted among a sample of 1536 older people living in 1477 households in three provinces representing the North, Central and South regions of Viet Nam during 2019-2020. The financial outcomes were catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), using WHO's definition, and financial distress due to OOPHE. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the factors associated with these outcomes.
resultsOOPHE for older household members accounted for 86.3% of total household health expenditure. Of households with older people, 8.6% (127) faced CHE, and 12.2% (181) experienced financial distress due to OOPHE. Households were at a higher risk of incurring financial burdens related to health expenditures if they had fewer household members; included only older people; were in rural or remote, mountainous areas; and had older members with noncommunicable diseases. There was no significant association between health insurance coverage and financial burden. However, when older people sought tertiary care or private care, the possibility of a household facing CHE increased. Regardless of the type and level of care, health service utilization by older people results in a higher likelihood of a household encountering financial distress.
conclusionsThis study reveals that OOPHE for older people can impose substantial financial burdens on households, leading them to face CHE and financial distress. This study provides evidence to justify reforming financial protection policies and introducing policy interventions targeted at better protecting older people and their households from the financial consequences of OOPHE. There is also the need to strengthen the grassroots health facilities to provide primary care closer to home at lower costs, particularly for the management of noncommunicable diseases.
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