SynthesisScientific reports2022
A scoping review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of pan-tumour biomarkers (dMMR, MSI, high TMB) in different solid tumours.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microsatellite instability and mismatch repair deficiency prevalence among Hispanic/Latino individuals with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2026Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors for localized dMMR/MSI-H gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.ESMO open · 2026Pooled it
- Development of the rationale of a personalized cancer vaccine based on the in situ vaccine effect of radiotherapy: a mechanistic study of the POLARSTAR trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant nivolumab and relatlimab in locally advanced MMR-deficient colon cancer: a phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Randomized, open-label, phase 2 study of nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab monotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors of high tumor mutational burden.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Trial
- Spectral CT-based Nomogram for Noninvasive Assessment and Prognostic Prediction of MSI/dMMR in Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma.Radiology. Imaging cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Universal Tumor Screening in Colorectal Cancer: Role of MMR Immunohistochemistry for Lynch Syndrome and Early-Onset CRC.Cancers · 2026Article
- Research progress in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer with mismatch repair and microsatellite instability.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- GITR and GITR-L RNA Expression Levels Correlate with Better Survival and Response to Immunotherapy.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Tumor cell intrinsic mechanisms of immune escape.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Is cancer the result of uncontrolled cellular growth? a glance into the tumorigenic process.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Early- and advanced-stage MSI-H non-colorectal cancers: best management and challenges in 2025.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Review
- Evaluating the Cost of Genomic Testing for Biomarker-Driven Therapies in Oncology.Oncology and therapy · 2026Article
- Screening, Prognostic, and Predictive Molecular Tools for Colorectal Cancer: Recent Advances in the Classical Background.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multi-omics analysis linksTranslational cancer research · 2026Article
- Trifluridine/tipiracil and survival in mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Article
- Durable response to dual immune checkpoint blockade in Lynch syndrome-associated serous ovarian carcinoma: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Precision oncology in gynecologic cancers: molecular taxonomy, biomarker-guided therapeutics, and the challenge of therapeutic resistance.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved in the USA for tumours exhibiting mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), or high tumour mutational burden (TMB), with regulatory and reimbursement applications in multiple other countries underway. As the estimated budget impacts of future reimbursements depend on the size of the potential target population, we performed a scoping review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of these pan-tumour biomarkers in different cancers. We systematically searched Medline/Embase and included studies reporting the prevalence of dMMR/MSI/high TMB in solid tumours published 01/01/2018-31/01/2021. Meta-analyses were performed separately for the pan-cancer prevalence of each biomarker, and by cancer type and stage where possible. The searches identified 3890 papers, with 433 prevalence estimates for 32 different cancer types from 201 studies included in meta-analyses. The pooled overall prevalence of dMMR, MSI and high TMB (≥ 10 mutations/Mb) in pan-cancer studies was 2.9%, 2.7% and 14.0%, respectively. The prevalence profiles of dMMR/MSI and high TMB differed across cancer types. For example, endometrial, colorectal, small bowel and gastric cancers showed high prevalence of both dMMR and MSI (range: 8.7-26.8% and 8.5-21.9%, respectively) and high TMB (range: 8.5-43.0%), while cervical, esophageal, bladder/urothelial, lung and skin cancers showed low prevalence of dMMR and MSI (< 5%), but high prevalence of high TMB (range: 23.7-52.6%). For other cancer types, prevalence of all three biomarkers was generally low (< 5%). This structured review of dMMR/MSI/high TMB prevalence across cancers and for specific cancer types and stages provide timely evidence to inform budget impact forecasts in health technology assessments for drug approvals based on these pan-tumour biomarkers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.