ArticleBMJ open2022
Economic evaluation of integrated services for non-communicable diseases and HIV: costs and client outcomes in rural Malawi.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patient perspectives on group problem management plus for adults with major depressive disorder in rural Malawi.Global health action · 2025Trial
- Cost analysis of integrating depression treatment into chronic care in Malawi: evidence from a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2025Trial
- Mathematical modeling to assess health and economic impact of cardiovascular interventions and implementation strategies among people living with HIV: SAIA HTN.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Exploring barriers and facilitators for non-communicable disease care for persons living with HIV in Peru through a socioecological framework: HIV physician and coordinator perspectives.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Disease control and its correlates among hypertensive, diabetic, and asthmatic patients enrolled in secondary-level Integrated Chronic Care Clinics in Neno District, rural Malawi.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Advanced HIV disease management and patient outcomes in rural setting - Malawi: a retrospective cohort study.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Non-communicable disease care for persons living with HIV in Peru: A national physician cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Impact of Mobile Health (mHealth) Use by Community Health Workers on the Utilization of Maternity Care in Rural Malawi: A Time Series Analysis.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Stakeholder perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to integrating cardiovascular disease and diabetes management at primary care in Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators to integration of screening for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia, among adult people living with HIV at district hospital ART clinics in Southern Malawi.Research square · 2024Article
- Towards improving district health information system data consistency, report completeness and timeliness in Neno district, Malawi.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2024Article
- A time-motion study of community health workers delivering community-based primary health care in Neno District, Malawi.Human resources for health · 2023Article
- Application of Decision-Analytic Models to Evaluate Integrated Care Interventions for Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity: A Systematic Review.International journal of integrated careArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the costs and client outcomes associated with integrating screening and treatment for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) into HIV services in a rural and remote part in southeastern Africa.
designProspective cohort study.
settingPrimary and secondary level health facilities in Neno District, Malawi.
participantsNew adult enrollees in Integrated Chronic Care Clinics (IC3) between July 2016 and June 2017.
main outcome measuresWe quantified the annualised total and per capita economic cost (US$2017) of integrated chronic care, using activity-based costing from a health system perspective. We also measured enrolment, retention and mortality over the same period. Furthermore, we measured clinical outcomes for HIV (viral load), hypertension (controlled blood pressure), diabetes (average blood glucose), asthma (asthma severity) and epilepsy (seizure frequency).
resultsThe annualised total cost of providing integrated HIV and NCD care was $2 461 901 to provide care to 9471 enrollees, or $260 per capita. This compared with $2 138 907 for standalone HIV services received by 6541 individuals, or $327 per capita. Over the 12-month period, 1970 new clients were enrolled in IC3, with a retention rate of 80%. Among clients with HIV, 81% achieved an undetectable viral load within their first year of enrolment. Significant improvements were observed among clinical outcomes for clients enrolled with hypertension, asthma and epilepsy (p<0.05, in all instances), but not for diabetes (p>0.05).
conclusionsIC3 is one of the largest examples of fully integrated HIV and NCD care. Integrating screening and treatment for chronic health conditions into Malawi's HIV platform appears to be a financially feasible approach associated with several positive clinical outcomes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.