ArticleCaries research2022
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic Exposure on Child Dental Caries: Difference-in-Differences Analysis.
Article in Caries research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 and first permanent molar extractions in children: a comparative retrospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Oral Health and Dietary Habits Before and After COVID-19 Restrictions in a Portuguese Adult Population: An Observational Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Global and regional burden and inequalities of oral conditions in children, adolescents, and young adults (0-39 years), 1990 to 2021.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of oral health status and immunological parameters of hospitalized COVID-19 patients during acute and recovery phases: A randomized clinical trial.Journal of dental sciences · 2024Article
- Dental radiographic changes in individuals with COVID-19: a controlled retrospective study.Oral radiology · 2024Article
- Caries Experience before and after COVID-19 Restrictions: An Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Changes in Dental Outcomes After Implementation of the Philadelphia Beverage Tax.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on initial Carious Enamel Lesions in primary teeth: an In-vitro study.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Utilisation of rehabilitation due to mental disorders during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a difference-in-differences analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dental caries is unknown. We investigated the effect of the pandemic on child dental caries in Japan by comparing the increase in dental caries from fourth to sixth grade between two cohorts, COVID-19 exposed cohort and COVID-19 unexposed cohort, using difference-in-differences analysis. Longitudinal data that followed elementary school children in Adachi City, Tokyo, were analyzed. The analysis consisted of two cohorts: those who were in fourth grade in 2016 and sixth grade in 2018 (COVID-19 unexposed cohort, N = 399) and those who were in fourth grade in 2018 and sixth grade in 2020 (COVID-19 exposed cohort, N = 3,082). Children's dental caries were examined by school dentists. A difference-in-differences analysis, adjusting for time-variant variables, i.e., household socioeconomic status, children's oral health behavior, and caregivers' psychological distress, was performed. In fourth grade, the number of Decayed, Missing, and Filled permanent Teeth (DMFT) was not different between the COVID-19 unexposed and exposed cohorts (mean = 0.241 and 0.242, respectively). In sixth grade, DMFT increased by 0.067 in the COVID-19 unexposed cohort and 0.180 in the COVID-19 exposed cohort. The interaction term of grade and cohorts for caries by difference-in-differences analysis showed that dental caries among the COVID-19 exposed cohort showed a significant increase in the number of dental caries by 0.116 (95% confidence interval 0.015, 0.216) compared to the COVID-19 unexposed cohort. Child dental caries slightly increased after the pandemic. Studies with longer follow-ups are needed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on child dental caries.
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