ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2023
Exploring Reasons for Differential Vulnerability and Alzheimer's Disease Risk in Racial and Ethnic Minorities.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of cognitive impairment and APOE ε4 with Centiloids in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White cohorts.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Pooled it
- Diversity in United States Dementia Prevention Trials: An Updated Systematic Review of Eligibility Criteria and Recruitment Strategies.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Sex specificity of resistance to caTAUstrophe.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The role of polygenic risk in Alzheimer's disease prediction for African Americans.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Observational
- Multi-ancestry transcriptome-wide association study reveals shared and population-specific genetic effects in Alzheimer disease.American journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- Elevated AD biomarkers do not explain cognitive performance in a community-recruited clinical trial cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Vascular stiffness predicts plasma markers of neurodegeneration among older African Americans.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Observational
- Association of neighborhood disadvantage with Alzheimer's disease pathology and the stability of blood-based biomarker performance.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Observational
- Cognitive decline in U.S. military veterans: risk factors and clinical implications.Frontiers in dementia · 2026Article
- Multi-ancestry Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Reveals Shared and Population-Specific Genetic Effects in Alzheimer's Disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Economic Burden of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias by Race and Ethnicity, 2020 to 2060.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- On the complexity of biomarker-driven diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neuropsychology · 2025Article
- Differences in Medication Use by Gender and Race in Hospitalized Persons Living with Dementia.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Assessing Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge and Cognitive Risk Among a Rural Older Afro-Caribbean Cohort.Journal of community health nursing · 2024Article
- Social Determinants of Health, Risk and Resilience against Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: The Healthy Brain Initiative.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Article
- Plasma Alzheimer's biomarkers and brain amyloid in Hispanic and non-Hispanic older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Retinal Neurodegeneration as a Potential Biomarker of Accelerated Aging in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- The Dementia Literacy Assessment (DeLA): A novel measure of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders health literacy in diverse populations.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
- Alzheimer's Disease Dementia Prevalence in the United States: A County-Level Spatial Machine Learning Analysis.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementiasArticle
- Sex and ethnicity in early-onset Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and global function.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAfrican American and Hispanic older adults are reported to have up to a 2-fold higher risk of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD), but the reasons for this increased vulnerability have not been fully explored. The Vulnerability Index (VI) was designed to identify individuals who are at risk of developing cognitive impairment in the future, capturing 12 sociodemographic variables and modifiable medical comorbidities associated with higher ADRD risk. However, a prior limitation of the VI was that the original study cohort had limited diversity. We examined the association of the VI within and between non-Hispanic White, African American, and Hispanic older adults with and without cognitive impairment and different socioeconomic strata enrolled in a community-based dementia screening study.
objectiveTo explore reasons for reported higher ADRD vulnerability in African Americans and Hispanics.
methodsIn a cross-sectional study of 300 non-Hispanic White, African American, and Hispanic older adults with and without cognitive impairment, we studied the association between cognitive status, the VI, and socioeconomic status (SES).
resultsWhen considering race/ethnicity, the presence of more vascular comorbidities drove greater vulnerability. When considering SES, vascular comorbidities played a less prominent role suggesting resources and access to care drives risk. The VI had differential effects on cognitive performance with the greatest effect in the earlier stages of impairment.
conclusionFindings from this study provide a deeper understanding of the differential risk of ADRD in multicultural older adults captured by the VI and how barriers to healthcare access may increase vulnerability in racial/ethnic minorities.
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