ArticlePloS one2022
Association between use of ß2-adrenergic receptor agonists and incidence of Parkinson's disease: Retrospective cohort analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association Between β-Adrenoreceptor Agonists and Antagonists and Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Pooled it
- Biased signaling of β2-adrenergic receptor in physiological and pathological states.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- Use of β-adrenoreceptor drugs and Parkinson's disease incidence in women from the French E3N cohort study.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Race and ethnicity matter! Moving Parkinson's risk research towards diversity and inclusiveness.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Adrenergic blockers, statins, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with later age at onset in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Harnessing the nutraceutical and therapeutic potential ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Potential Clinical Applications of Pro-Resolving Lipids Mediators from Docosahexaenoic Acid.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Possible Incidental Parkinson's Disease following Asthma: A Nested Case-Control Study in Korea.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPrevious observational studies assessing β2-agonist/-antagonist use on PD risk have yielded conflicting results. We evaluated the relationship between β2-agonist use and the incidence of Parkinson's disease in patients with chronic lung disease.
methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis on a 20% random sample abstracted from a traditional (fee-for-service) Medicare program in the United States. Inclusion criteria were individuals over 65 years old diagnosed with asthma, COPD, and/or bronchiectasis who were enrolled in a prescription drug (standalone Part D) plan over 2007-2010 and alive through 2014. The main outcome measure was a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease over the period 2011-2014, in relation to the number of 30-day-equivalent drug claims over 2007-2010. Logistic regression analysis was performed on a sample including 236,201 Medicare beneficiaries.
resultsThe sample was 68% female, 80% white, and on average 77 years old as of 2010. Compared to non-users, β2-agonist users were more likely to be younger (76.3y versus 78.0y), smokers (40.4% versus 31.1%) and asthmatic (62.4% versus 28.3%). The odds ratio for a β2-agonist claim on PD development was 0.986 (95% CI 0.977-0.995) after adjusting for demographics, smoking history, respiratory exacerbations, comorbidities, and other drug use. Risk reductions were larger for males than females (0.974 versus 0.994, P = 0.032), and for individuals with COPD compared to those with asthma (0.968 versus 0.998, P = 0.049). Reverse causality was addressed with a Cox analysis that allowed β2-agonist use to vary from medication initiation to disease onset. By the end of the follow-up period, β2-agonist use was shown to be associated with a true protective effect against PD onset. DISCUSSION: β2-agonist use is associated with decreased risk of PD incidence. Further investigation, possibly including clinical trials, is warranted to strengthen the evidence base supporting clinical decision-makers looking to repurpose pharmaceuticals to prevent neurodegenerative disease onset.
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