ArticlePloS one2022
Prevalence of hypertension and possible risk factors of hypertension unawareness among individuals aged 30-75 years from two Panamanian provinces: Results from population-based cross-sectional studies, 2010 and 2019.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiometabolic Status of Adults Living with HIV in Panama-Baseline Results of the Colón C3 Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A feasibility pilot study on the effects of a combined cognitive and physical intervention program in older adults in Panama.Frontiers in dementia · 2026Article
- Hypertension among Guatemalan women: the role of food insecurity and overweight/obesity.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Factors Associated With Hypertension in Peruvian Adults: A Nationwide Analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- Knowledge and acceptance associated with medication adherence among hypertension individuals in Aceh province, Indonesia.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Predictors of cognitive change in cognitively healthy older women in Panama: the PARI-HD study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Malnutrition among Children under Age Five in Panama: Results of the ENSPA 2019.Annals of global health · 2024Article
- Noncontact remote sensing of abnormal blood pressure using a deep neural network: a novel approach for hypertension screening.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Article
- Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behaviour among Panamanian Adults: Results from the National Health Survey of Panama (ENSPA) 2019.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Individuals in Panama 2019: A National Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundRecent estimates of hypertension in Panama remain unknown. We aim to describe the variation in prevalence and unawareness of hypertension in two Panamanian provinces using two different cross-sectional population-based studies and to investigate risk factors associated with hypertension unawareness.
methodsData were derived from a sub-national study conducted in the provinces of Panama and Colon (PREFREC-2010 [2,733 participants]) and from a nationally representative study (ENSPA-2019), in which we restricted our analyses to the same provinces (4,653 participants). Individuals aged 30-75 years who had (a) self-reported history of hypertension or (b) blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90mmHg or (c) a combination or both were classified as hypertensive. Participants with BP≥140/90mmHg who denied a history of hypertension were considered unaware of the condition. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between risk factors and unawareness, expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
findingsIn 2010, the prevalence and unawareness of hypertension in men were 51.6% (95% CI: 45.7-57.5) and 32.3% (25.4-40.1), respectively, and in women 46.0% (42.1-49.9) and 16.1% (12.6-20.4), respectively. In 2019, the prevalence and unawareness of hypertension in men were 46.5% (42.1-51.0) and 52.3% (45.9-58.6), and in women 42.1% (39.6-44.7) and 33.3% (29.8-37.0). Men (2010 and 2019), age <50 years (2010 and 2019), having no/primary education (2010), and living in a non-urban region (2019) were positively associated with hypertension unawareness, whereas obesity (2010), physical inactivity (2010), family history of hypertension (2019), and BP assessment in the year before study enrollment (2010 and 2019) were inversely associated with hypertension unawareness.
interpretationBenefits of a decrease in the prevalence of hypertension are being undermined by an increase in hypertension unawareness. Actions should be encouraged to strengthen the implementation of the existing healthcare program for cardiovascular risk factor control.
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