ArticleOphthalmology and therapy2023
Effectiveness of Intranasal Tear Neurostimulation for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Meta-Analysis.
Article in Ophthalmology and therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ophthalmic Treatments and Evolving Management of Sjögren's Disease: An Overview.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Redefining Dry Eye Disease Management: Emerging Pharmacologic and Device-Based Therapies in the Era of Precision Care: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Advances in Pharmacotherapy and Physiotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Directions-A Narrative Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Beyond the Ocular Surface: Nasal Sensory Input as a Driver of Reflex Lacrimation in Dogs.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Diabetic dry eye: advances in pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Cyclic extranasal neurostimulation for dry eye disease: a 4-week stimulation and 6-week intermission regimen based on neural adaptation dynamics.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Article
- Navigating the Dry Eye Therapeutic Puzzle: A Mechanism-Based Overview of Current Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTo assess the effectiveness and safety of intranasal tear neurostimulation in the treatment of dry eye disease.
methodsWe performed a meta-analysis of four databases from their inception to October 2022 without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this review and were quality appraised. The risk of bias was evaluated by two independent reviewers using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. The random-effect model or fixed-effect model was adopted to estimate the pooled effect sizes.
resultsFifteen published studies consisting of 17 clinical trials with a total of 901 patients were analyzed. Schirmer II test scores were significantly higher after intranasal tear neurostimulation in patients with dry eye disease (mean difference = 14.12 mm, 95% confidence intervals (8.93, 19.31), P < 0.001). Intranasal tear neurostimulation increased the meibomian gland areas (mean difference = - 251.79 μm
conclusionsThis meta-analysis provides promising evidence for the controversial effectiveness of intranasal tear neurostimulation in the treatment of dry eye disease, along with useful information for guiding intranasal tear neurostimulation in future clinical trials.
trial registrationThis meta-analysis was registered on the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42021284214).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.