ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2023
The economic impact of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- An updated review of the economic burden of multiple sclerosis: direct and indirect costs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Multiple sclerosis risk stratification and healthcare cost prediction using machine learning.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Clusters of Comorbidities in Multiple Sclerosis and Their Influence on Healthcare Resource Usage.European journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Capturing Information About Multiple Sclerosis Comorbidity Using Clinical Interviews and Administrative Records: Do the Data Sources Agree?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Load Distribution, Plantar Pressures, and Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion in Women.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Dietary Modification Combined with Nutrition Education and Counseling for Metabolic Comorbidities in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Clinical Practice and Research.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Cognitive rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: Three digital ingredients to address current and future priorities.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundComorbid conditions are common in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). They can delay diagnosis and negatively impact the disease course, progression of disability, therapeutic management, and adherence to treatment.
objectiveTo quantify the economic impact of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS), based on cost-of-illness estimates made using a bottom-up approach.
methodsA retrospective study was carried out in two northern Italian areas. The socio-demographic and clinical information, including comorbidities data, were collected through ad hoc anonymous self-assessment questionnaire while disease costs (direct and indirect costs of disease and loss of productivity) were estimated using a bottom-up approach. Costs were compared between pwMS with and without comorbidity. Adjusted incremental costs associated with comorbidity were reported using generalized linear models with log-link and gamma distributions or two-part models.
results51.0% of pwMS had at least one comorbid condition. Hypertension (21.0%), depression (15.7%), and anxiety (11.7%) were the most prevalent. PwMS with comorbidity were more likely to use healthcare resources, such as hospitalizations (OR = 1.21, p < 0.001), tests (OR = 1.59, p < 0.001), and symptomatic drugs and supplements (OR = 1.89, p = 0.012), and to incur non-healthcare costs related to investment (OR = 1.32, p < 0.001), transportation (OR = 1.33, p < 0.001), services (OR = 1.33, p < 0.001), and informal care (OR = 1.43, p = 0.16). Finally, they experienced greater productivity losses (OR = 1.34, p < 0.001) than pwMS without comorbidity. The adjusted incremental annual cost per patient due to comorbidity was €3,106.9 (13% of the overall costs) with MS disability found to exponentially affect annual costs.
conclusionComorbidity has health, social, and economic consequences for pwMS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.