ArticleAnnals of neurology2023
DystoniaBoTXNet: Novel Neural Network Biomarker of Botulinum Toxin Efficacy in Isolated Dystonia.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03042962 (Brain Networks in Dystonia), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Brain Networks in Dystonia
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- GDF15 - A potential novel biomarker of cognitive impairment in cervical dystonia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Neurological Voice Disorders.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2025Review
- Pioneering pain management with botulinum toxin type A: From anti-inflammation to regenerative therapies.Heliyon · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIsolated dystonia is characterized by abnormal, often painful, postures and repetitive movements due to sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions. Botulinum toxin (BoTX) injections into the affected muscles are the first line of therapy. However, there are no objective predictive markers or standardized tests of BoTX efficacy that can be utilized for appropriate candidate selection prior to treatment initiation.
methodsWe developed a deep learning algorithm, DystoniaBoTXNet, which uses a 3D convolutional neural network architecture and raw structural brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) to automatically discover and test a neural network biomarker of BoTX efficacy in 284 patients with 4 different forms of focal dystonia, including laryngeal dystonia, blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, and writer's cramp.
resultsDystoniaBoTXNet identified clusters in superior parietal lobule, inferior and middle frontal gyri, middle orbital gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, corpus callosum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and anterior thalamic radiation as components of the treatment biomarker. These regions are known to contribute to both dystonia pathophysiology across a broad clinical spectrum of disorder and the central effects of botulinum toxin treatment. Based on its biomarker, DystoniaBoTXNet achieved an overall accuracy of 96.3%, with 100% sensitivity and 86.1% specificity, in predicting BoTX efficacy in patients with isolated dystonia. The algorithmic decision was computed in 19.2 seconds per case.
interpretationDystoniaBoTXNet and its treatment biomarker have a high translational potential as an objective, accurate, generalizable, fast, and cost-effective algorithmic platform for enhancing clinical decision making for BoTX treatment in patients with isolated dystonia. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:460-471.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.