ArticleEpidemiology and psychiatric sciences2022
Global trends and regional differences in the burden of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder attributed to bullying victimisation in 204 countries and territories, 1999-2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study.
Article in Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between atherogenic index of plasma and depression risk: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Global burden and trends of depression among women of childbearing age, 1990-2021.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Experiences of victimization, maladaptive schemas, and the mediating role of resilience in adolescents.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- The effects of school bullying victimization on the development of adolescent depression across genders: a hierarchical linear model analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Taurocholic Acid Is Associated With Disturbed Functional Connectivity in the Hippocampus of Patients With Depression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Observational
- Targeting mGlyR with nanobodies for depression.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Predictive roles of serum IL-33/ST2 and BDNF in depressed patients with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a pilot study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Mortality trends and influencing factors of mental disorders among urban and rural residents in China between 2009 and 2021: a longitudinal study with projections to 2030.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The dual-sensitive period gut-brain crosstalk, neuroinflammation, and the biological roots of adolescent depression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cross-Cultural Control-Value Mechanisms on the Detrimental Effect of Bullying on Mathematics Anxiety.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Global Burden of Depressive Disorders, 1990-2021, During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Projections to 2050: A Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- Relationship Between the Socio-Demographic Index and the Burden of Depressive Disorders in Asia (2010-2021): A Population Based Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Bullying Experienced by Community Patients With Serious Mental Disorders: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- The Bidirectional Relationship Between FGIDs and Anxiety: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Strategies.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Review
- The Protective Role of Caring Parenting Styles in Adolescent Bullying Victimization: The Effects of Family Function and Constructive Conflict Resolution.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Aortic Aneurysm and Its Attributable Risk Factors from 1990 to 2021: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2025Article
- Anxiety disorders in the Middle East and North Africa region; 1990 to 2021.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- Renewable energy reduces domestic depression but increases depression for neighboring countries: evidence of spatial effects from 181 countries worldwide.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Accelerated global burden of depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2021.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThis study aimed to analyse the temporal and spatial trends in the burden of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder related to bullying victimisation on global, regional and country scales.
methodsData were from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. We assessed the global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs, per 100 000 population) of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder attributable to bullying victimisation by age, sex and geographical location. The percentage changes in age-standardised rates of DALYs were used to quantify temporal trends, and the annual rate changes across 204 countries and territories were used to present spatial trends. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between the sociodemographic index (SDI) and the burden of anxiety disorders as well as major depressive disorder attributable to bullying victimisation and its spatial and temporal characteristics globally.
resultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the global DALY rates of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder attributable to bullying victimisation increased by 23.31 and 26.60%, respectively, with 27.27 and 29.07% for females and 18.88 and 23.84% for males. Across the 21 GBD regions, the highest age-standardised rates of bullying victimisation-related DALYs for anxiety disorders were in North Africa and the Middle East and for major depressive disorder in High-income North America. From 1990 to 2019, the region with the largest percentage increase in the rates of DALYs was High-income North America (54.66% for anxiety disorders and 105.88% for major depressive disorder), whereas the region with the slowest growth rate or largest percentage decline was East Asia (1.71% for anxiety disorders and -25.37% for major depressive disorder). In terms of SDI, this study found overall upward trends of bullying-related mental disorders in areas regardless of the SDI levels, although there were temporary downward trends in some stages of certain areas.
conclusionsThe number and rates of DALYs of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder attributable to bullying victimisation increased from 1990 to 2019. Effective strategies to eliminate bullying victimisation in children and adolescents are needed to reduce the burden of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder. Considering the large variations in the burden by SDI and geographic location, future protective actions should be developed based on the specific cultural contexts, development status and regional characteristics of each country.
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