ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2022
A model to design financially sustainable algorithm-enabled remote patient monitoring for pediatric type 1 diabetes care.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital management of diabetes global research trends: a bibliometric study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Insulin dose adjustment policy for certified diabetes care and education specialists: Safe and effective.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2025Article
- Evaluating cloudcare, a population health management system, in persons with type 1 diabetes: an observational study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Observational
- Personalization of continuous glucose monitoring system for diabetic patients in the Polish market in 2024.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2025Review
- The adaptation of a single institution diabetes care platform into a nationally available turnkey solution.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
- Equitable implementation of a precision digital health program for glucose management in individuals with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Role and Perspective of Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialists in the Development of the 4T Program.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2024Article
- A quantitative model to ensure capacity sufficient for timely access to care in a remote patient monitoring program.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2023Article
- Roadmap to Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption and Improved Outcomes in Endocrinology: The 4T (Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control) Program.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2023Article
- Management of Type 1 Diabetes in a school setting: effectiveness of an online training program for school staff.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Population-level algorithm-enabled remote patient monitoring (RPM) based on continuous glucose monitor (CGM) data review has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in diabetes patients, especially children. However, existing reimbursement models are geared towards the direct provision of clinic care, not population health management. We developed a financial model to assist pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) clinics design financially sustainable RPM programs based on algorithm-enabled review of CGM data. Methods: Data were gathered from a weekly RPM program for 302 pediatric patients with T1D at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital. We created a customizable financial model to calculate the yearly marginal costs and revenues of providing diabetes education. We consider a baseline or status quo scenario and compare it to two different care delivery scenarios, in which routine appointments are supplemented with algorithm-enabled, flexible, message-based contacts delivered according to patient need. We use the model to estimate the minimum reimbursement rate needed for telemedicine contacts to maintain revenue-neutrality and not suffer an adverse impact to the bottom line. Results: The financial model estimates that in both scenarios, an average reimbursement rate of roughly $10.00 USD per telehealth interaction would be sufficient to maintain revenue-neutrality. Algorithm-enabled RPM could potentially be billed for using existing RPM CPT codes and lead to margin expansion. Conclusion: We designed a model which evaluates the financial impact of adopting algorithm-enabled RPM in a pediatric endocrinology clinic serving T1D patients. This model establishes a clear threshold reimbursement value for maintaining revenue-neutrality, as well as an estimate of potential RPM reimbursement revenue which could be billed for. It may serve as a useful financial-planning tool for a pediatric T1D clinic seeking to leverage algorithm-enabled RPM to provide flexible, more timely interventions to its patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.