ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2022
Association between energy intake patterns and outcome in US heart failure patients.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of dietary macronutrients and energy intake with diabetic kidney disease and all-cause mortality in diabetes: evidence from NHANES.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- Assessing the link of malnutrition with diabetes and mortality risk in heart failure patients.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the association between total energy intake and all-cause mortality among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The association between dietary energy patterns, calories, and the outcomes of heart failure (HF) is still unclear. Objectives: To evaluate the proper energy intake patterns and daily calorie intake in patients with heart failure among US adults. Methods: The data were derived from the 2001-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A calorie intake pattern variable was created using latent class analysis (LCA) based on the calorie ratio of three major nutrients. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between calorie intake and energy patterns. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results: Among 991 participants (mean age 67.3 ± 12.9 years; 55.7% men) who suffered from heart failure; the median calorie intake was 1,617 kcal/day [interquartile range (IQR): 1,222-2,154 kcal/day]. In the multivariable-adjusted model, moderate malnutrition was more frequent to death (HR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.29-3.56). Low-carbohydrate pattern (LCP) and median-carbohydrate pattern (MCP) had lower risks of death compared to high-carbohydrate pattern (HCP) (LCP: HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59-0.97; MCP: HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.60-0.98). No association between different amounts of calorie intake and all-cause mortality was found. There was an adjusted significant interaction between calorie intake and energy intake patterns ( Conclusion: Both LCP and MCP, compared to HCP, were associated with better outcomes in the HF population. The relationship between energy intake and all-cause death may be influenced by energy intake patterns in HF patients.
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