Wedge resection plus adequate lymph nodes resection is comparable to lobectomy for small-sized non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: The study investigated whether wedge resection plus adequate lymph nodes resection conferred comparable survival to lobectomy for node-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ≤2 cm. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify patients diagnosed with node-negative NSCLC ≤2 cm and underwent wedge resection or lobectomy (2004-2015). Patients were stratified by the procedure (wedge resection, lobectomy) and the size of NSCLC (≤1 cm, 1-2 cm). We assessed survival between patients undergoing wedge resection and lobectomy. The optimal number of lymph nodes resected which made those two procedures comparable was explored by using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis. Propensity score matching was performed to minimize the effect of confounding factors. Results: 7893 patients with lobectomy and 2536 patients with wedge resection were identified. Wedge resection was associated with worse survival either in the ≤1 cm or 1-2 cm NSCLC before and after matching. For lesions 1-2 cm and receiving lobectomy, more lymph nodes resected conferred statistically significant increase on survival and six nodes were optimal. For lesions ≤1 cm and receiving lobectomy, lymph nodes resection had no impact on survival. Wedge resection and lobectomy were comparable when one or more nodes for lesions ≤1 cm and six or more nodes for lesions 1-2 cm were resected. Conclusions: Wedge resection was inferior to lobectomy for NSCLC ≤1 cm and 1-2 cm. Wedge resection plus adequate lymph nodes resection was comparable to lobectomy.