ArticleFrontiers in neurology2022
The pharmacokinetics of continuous subcutaneous levodopa/carbidopa infusion: Findings from the ND0612 clinical development program.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subcutaneous Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Motor Efficacy of Subcutaneous DIZ102, Intravenous DIZ101 or Intestinal Levodopa/Carbidopa Infusion.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Trial
- Review
- Parkinson's Disease Multidisciplinary Complex Therapy (PD-MCT): appreciation of its current function for the treatment of people with Parkinson's disease in Germany and the needs of future development.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- MSN Templated with L-Dopa Amide Derivatives Outperforms the Efficiency of Free-L-Dopa in Reducing Parkinson's Behavioral Dysfunction in Mice.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Transition from subcutaneous levodopa/carbidopa (ND0612) to Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in advanced Parkinson's disease.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Article
- Beyond Dysphagia in Parkinson's Disease: 3D Printing of Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODTs) for Optimized Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Review of the Recent Advances in the Pharmacological Management of Parkinson's Disease.Cureus · 2025Review
- Levodopa treatment: impacts and mechanisms throughout Parkinson's disease progression.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Neuropharmacological Interventions of Plant Origin for Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Appraisal.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Clinicians' viewpoints on current paradigms of care and research in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- Therapeutic drug monitoring in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- Subcutaneous Levodopa: A New Engine for the Vintage Molecule.Neurology and therapy · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Approach to Parkinson's Disease: Addressing Its Molecular, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cognitive Effects of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease with GBA1 Pathogenic Variants.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2023Article
- Access to device-aided therapies in advanced Parkinson's disease: navigating clinician biases, patient preference, and prognostic uncertainty.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Review
- Current and novel infusion therapies for patients with Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Review
- Non-oral continuous drug delivery based therapies and sleep dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Review
- Parkinson's disease therapy: what lies ahead?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Review
- Practices and perceptions around splitting of carbidopa/levodopa tablets: a survey of patients and neurologists.Neurodegenerative disease managementArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: While treatment with levodopa remains the cornerstone of Parkinson's disease (PD) management, chronic oral therapy is often associated with the development of motor complications, that correlate to fluctuating levodopa plasma concentrations, limiting its clinical utility. Continuous infusion is considered to be the optimal delivery route for treating PD patients with motor fluctuations, but current infusion systems require invasive surgery. Subcutaneous infusion of (SC) levodopa has the potential to provide a better tolerated and more convenient route of continuous levodopa delivery. ND0612 is in development as a combination product providing continuous levodopa/carbidopa Methods: We performed a series of six Phase I and II studies to characterize the pharmacokinetics of levodopa and carbidopa derived from ND0612 infusion with/without adjunct oral therapy of the same ingredients. These studies were conducted in healthy volunteers and in PD patients experiencing motor response fluctuations while on their current levodopa therapy regimen. Results: Taken together, the results demonstrate dose-proportionality dependent on rate of subcutaneous levodopa infusion leading to stable and sustained plasma concentrations of levodopa. Subcutaneous infusion of ND0612 administered with oral levodopa/carbidopa maintained near-constant, therapeutic levodopa plasma concentrations, thereby avoiding the troughs in levodopa plasma concentrations that are associated with OFF time in PD. The data generated in this series of studies also confirmed that a levodopa/carbidopa dose ratio of 8:1 would be the most reasonable choice for ND0612 development. Conclusions: This series of clinical pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that ND0612, administered continuously with a levodopa concentration of 60 mg/ml combined with carbidopa 7.5 mg/ml, and complemented with oral levodopa/carbidopa, is suitable for 24 h continuous administration in patients with PD. The stable plasma concentrations of levodopa achieved predict utility of ND0612 as a parenteral formulation for achieving clinically useful delivery of levodopa for PD patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.