Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36437105›Full record

SynthesisObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity2023

Economic burden of childhood overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jiying Ling, Sisi Chen, Nagwan R Zahry, Tsui-Sui Annie Kao

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06744933 (Self-administered Auricular Acupressure Integrated With a Smartphone Application for Weight Reduction in Patients With Obesity Accompanied With Obesity-related Comorbid Illness), which is not on this map. Cited by 123 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
123citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06744933 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Self-administered Auricular Acupressure Integrated With a Smartphone Application for Weight Reduction in Patients With Obesity Accompanied With Obesity-related Comorbid Illness: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorTung Wah CollegeRan2025 to 2026Enrolled220ConditionsObesity and Metabolic SyndromeArmsSelf-administered auricular acupressure integrated with a smartphone application
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

123 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  7. Association between 24-hour movement behaviors and adiposity in children and adolescents: A compositional data meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
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  12. Economic burden of childhood overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2023
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63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jiying LingMichigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1997-7914
Sisi ChenGeorgia Southwestern State University School of Health Sciences, Americus, Georgia, USA.
Nagwan R ZahryDepartment of Communication, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA.
Tsui-Sui Annie KaoMichigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To update existing literature and fill the gap in meta-analyses, this meta-analysis quantitatively evaluated the worldwide economic burden (in 2022 US $) of childhood overweight and obesity in comparison with healthy weight. The literature search in eight databases produced 7756 records. After literature screening, 48 articles met the eligibility criteria. The increased annual total medical costs were $237.55 per capita attributable to childhood overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity caused a per capita increase of $56.52, $14.27, $46.38, and $1975.06 for costs in nonhospital healthcare, outpatient visits, medication, and hospitalization, respectively. Length of hospital stays increased by 0.28 days. Annual direct and indirect costs were projected to be $13.62 billion and $49.02 billion by 2050. Childhood obesity ascribed to much higher increased healthcare costs than overweight. During childhood, the direct medical expenditures were higher for males than for females, but, once reaching adulthood, the expenditures were higher for females. Overall, the lifetime costs attributable to childhood overweight and obesity were higher in males than in females, and childhood overweight and obesity resulted in much higher indirect costs than direct healthcare costs. Given the increased economic burden, additional efforts and resources should be allocated to support sustainable and scalable childhood obesity programs.

Indexed as

Pediatric ObesityChildCost of IllnessFemaleFinancial StressHealth Care CostsHealth ExpendituresHumansMaleOverweightchildhood obesitycostseconomicssystematic review

Identifiers

PMID36437105
PMCPMC10078467

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.