ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2022
Relationship between freshwater harmful algal blooms and neurodegenerative disease incidence rates in South Korea.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial and microeukaryotic assemblage transitions during a harmful algal bloom in the Nakdong River.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2026Article
- Estimating Operational Costs of Activated Carbon for Water Treatment Plants by Predicting the Rise of Harmful Algal Blooms Under Climate Change in Korea Using Machine Learning.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal modelling and monitoring of harmful algal blooms using IoT in Lake Victoria Basin Kenya.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pyroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases: from bench to bedside.Cell biology and toxicology · 2023Review
- Harmful algal bloom aerosols and human health.EBioMedicine · 2023Review
- Oxidative Stress, Reductive Stress and Antioxidants in Vascular Pathogenesis and Aging.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Beyond cyanotoxins: increasedFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDue to anthropogenic activities and global warming, the severity and distribution of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been increasing steadily worldwide, including in South Korea (S. Korea). Previous studies reported that exposure to HABs could increase the risk of HAB-related diseases. However, very few studies examined the linkage between HABs and disease occurrence, particularly in S. Korea. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of HABs on neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease, at a population level.
methodsThirteen-year data (2005-2017) for chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations as a bloom-related parameter, annual numbers of NDs, and population information were collected. First, the entire area of S. Korea was divided into a grid of 1 km, and the population number in each 1-km grid was collected using the Statistical Geographic Information Service Plus system. Cross-sectional time series data were analyzed with two statistical models, a generalized linear mixed model and a generalized linear model.
resultsThe results show a general trend of increasing chl-a concentration and NDs year by year. We observed positive correlations between HAB intensity and the incidence rate of NDs. Particularly, HABs seem to have the most long-term carry-over effect on Parkinson's disease. Another key finding was that a 5-km radius from the HAB location was the boundary that showed the most significant associations with three NDs.
conclusionsThis study provides statistical evidence that supports the potential risk of NDs from the exposure to HAB. Thus, it is recommended to monitor a broad spectrum of cyanotoxins, including neurotoxins, in bloom-affected regions in S. Korea and epidemiological studies in the future.
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