ArticleBMC infectious diseases2022
First trend analysis of antifungals consumption in Lebanon using the World Health Organization collaborating center for drug statistics methodology.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Unraveling the Length of Hospital Stay for Patients with Urinary Tract Infections: Contributing Factors and Microbial Susceptibility.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Availability and cost of antifungal therapy in Vietnam: A 5-year retrospective study.Medical mycology · 2025Article
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- Consumption Trends of Antifungal and Antiprotozoal Agents for Human Systemic Use in Kazakhstan from 2017 to 2023.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Consensus for antifungal stewardship in China (2024 edition).Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
- Asthma and COPD management of patients with intellectual disabilities in general practice.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2024Article
- An Analysis of the Use of Systemic Antifungals (Fluconazole, Itraconazole, and Terbinafine) in Galicia, Spain, between 2019 and 2022.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pluronic F-127 Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Fluconazole against ResistantACS infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Antifungal Use and Resistance in a Lower-Middle-Income Country: The Case of Lebanon.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 on the Epidemiology and Outcomes of Candidemia: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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- Analysis of medicines returned to pharmacies for disposal and estimation of the cost due to medicine wasting.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2022Article
- Sex differences in the association between arterial hypertension, blood pressure, and sleep apnea in the general population.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021Article
- Medication Use and Health Care Utilization After a Cost-sharing Increase in Schizophrenia: A Nationwide Analysis.Medical care · 2020Article
- Use of potentially inappropriate medication and polypharmacy in older adults: a repeated cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2020Article
- Postmarketing commitments for novel drugs and biologics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration: a cross-sectional analysis.BMC medicine · 2019Article
- Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing in Massachusetts, 2011-2015.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntimicrobial resistance has reached an alarming rate globally, especially in middle-income countries such as Lebanon. The development of antifungal resistance is associated with the increased population's injudicious consumption. This study aims to measure antifungals consumption in Lebanon as a trend analysis of national data from 2004 to 2018.
methodsThis is a trend analysis of the consumption of antifungal agents in the Lebanese community. Data were obtained from the Intercontinental Marketing Statistics Database between 2004 and 2018. It measures the total consumptions per year, per drug, and the percentage of its correspondents for three routes of administration (oral, parenteral, and topical). Results were reported by Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day and the total number of DDDs.
resultsCommunity consumption of antifungals in Lebanon has increased by approximately 18.64% between 2004 and 2018, as measured by the number of DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day; and amplified by approximately 87.76% as measured by the number of DDDs. The highest consumption level was noted in 2017, with 1.52 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day and 3,386,930 DDDs. Fluconazole was the most consumed antifungal while micafungin was the least with 6,723,869.2 (20.99%) and 48.5 (0.0002%) DDDs respectively. Topical antifungals ranked the first type consumed followed by oral and parenteral antifungals representing 51.72%, 48.24%, and 0.033% of the total consumption respectively.
conclusionThe findings from this study indicate a marked increase in antifungal consumption in the Lebanese community. This accelerates the need of implementing disease management guidelines and national antifungal stewardship. Moreover, these findings may be used in further benchmark utilization and antimicrobial resistance studies in Lebanon.
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