Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36434204›Full record

ArticlePediatric research2023

Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human milk from 21 women with confirmed COVID-19 infection.

Lars Bode, Kerri Bertrand, Julia A Najera, Annalee Furst, Gordon Honerkamp-Smith, Adam D Shandling, Christina D Chambers, David Camerini, Joseph J Campo

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Lars BodeDepartments of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. lbode@health.ucsd.edu.
Kerri BertrandDepartments of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Julia A NajeraDepartments of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Annalee FurstDepartments of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Gordon Honerkamp-SmithDepartments of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Adam D ShandlingAntigen Discovery Inc. (ADI), Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
Christina D ChambersDepartments of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
David CameriniAntigen Discovery Inc. (ADI), Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
Joseph J CampoAntigen Discovery Inc. (ADI), Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
University of California, San Diego · USAntigen Discovery (United States) · USMothers’ Milk Bank · US

Funding

UC San Diego Clinical and Translational Research InstituteUL1TR001442 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI FIRESTEIN, GARY S, HOGARTH, MICHAEL · 2015 to 2024
$88.3M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001442
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOne potential mechanism for protection from SARS-CoV-2 in children is through passive immunity via breast milk from a mother infected with the novel coronavirus. The primary objectives of this study were to establish the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG and to characterize the antigenic regions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins that were reactive with antibodies in breast milk.

methodsBetween March 2020 and September 2020, 21 women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in Mommy's Milk. Participants donated serial breast milk samples around their time of illness. Breast milk samples were used to probe a multi-coronavirus protein microarray containing full-length and variable-length overlapping fragments of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Samples were also tested against S and N proteins by electrochemiluminescence assay.

resultsThe breast milk samples contained IgA reactive with a variety of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The most IgA-reactive SARS-CoV-2 proteins were N (42.9% of women responded to ≥1 N fragment) and S proteins (23.9% responded to ≥1 fragment of S1 or S2). IgG responses were similar. A striking observation was the dissimilarity between mothers in antibody recognition, giving distinct antibody reactivity and kinetic profiles.

conclusionsIndividual COVID-19 cases had diverse and unique milk IgA profiles following the onset of symptoms. IMPACT: In this observational longitudinal case series of 21 women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, IgA binding to SARS-CoV-2 proteins detected by orthologous proteome microarray and electrochemiluminescence assays was observed in >75% of women, but there was heterogeneity in which antigens and how many were reactive between women. Immunological profiles of protein regions recognized by each woman were distinct. Diverse repertoires of mucosal breast milk antibody to SARS-CoV-2 reflect heterogeneous passive transfer of maternal antibody to exposed breastfeeding infants.

Indexed as

COVID-19Milk, HumanAntibodies, ViralChildFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GInfantSARS-CoV-2Antibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin G

Identifiers

PMID36434204
PMCPMC9702863
OpenAlexW4310059973

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.