Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36434040›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2022

Eye movement behavior in a real-world virtual reality task reveals ADHD in children.

Liya Merzon, Kati Pettersson, Eeva T Aronen, Hanna Huhdanpää, Erik Seesjärvi, Linda Henriksson, W Joseph MacInnes, Minna Mannerkoski, Emiliano Macaluso, Juha Salmi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Liya MerzonDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Otakaari 3), Aalto University (AALTO), P.O. BOX 00076, Espoo, Finland. liya.merzon@aalto.fi.
Kati PetterssonVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.
Eeva T AronenChild Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Hanna HuhdanpääChild Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Erik SeesjärviDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Otakaari 3), Aalto University (AALTO), P.O. BOX 00076, Espoo, Finland.
Linda HenrikssonDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Otakaari 3), Aalto University (AALTO), P.O. BOX 00076, Espoo, Finland.
W Joseph MacInnesDepartment of Computer Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Minna MannerkoskiChild Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Emiliano MacalusoLyon Neuroscience Research Center (UCBL1 INSERM-U1028, CNRS-UMR5292), Lyon, France.
Juha SalmiDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Otakaari 3), Aalto University (AALTO), P.O. BOX 00076, Espoo, Finland.

Funding

Academy of Finland 325981Instrumentariumin Tiedesäätiö 200005Psychiatry Research Foundation, Finland 20210019Suomen Kulttuurirahasto 00210721
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Eye movements and other rich data obtained in virtual reality (VR) environments resembling situations where symptoms are manifested could help in the objective detection of various symptoms in clinical conditions. In the present study, 37 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 36 typically developing controls (9-13 y.o) played a lifelike prospective memory game using head-mounted display with inbuilt 90 Hz eye tracker. Eye movement patterns had prominent group differences, but they were dispersed across the full performance time rather than associated with specific events or stimulus features. A support vector machine classifier trained on eye movement data showed excellent discrimination ability with 0.92 area under curve, which was significantly higher than for task performance measures or for eye movements obtained in a visual search task. We demonstrated that a naturalistic VR task combined with eye tracking allows accurate prediction of attention deficits, paving the way for precision diagnostics.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityVirtual RealityChildEye MovementsHumansTask Performance and Analysis

Identifiers

PMID36434040
PMCPMC9700686

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.