Safety Study of High-Speed Collisions between Trains and Live Intruder.

To investigate the safety of train collisions with live intruders under high-speed operation, a new 3D finite element laminated model of live intruder filling was constructed based on reconstruction using physical 3D scanning, with three outer layers of the model simulating the skin, three inner layers simulating bone, and internal filling simulating internal organs. The model was simulated in LS-DYNA with pendulum side collision, and the force-time and force-displacement curves of the collision between the pendulum and the living intruder were obtained, which were consistent with the curve trend of the results of the cadaver pendulum collision test by Viano in 1989, and the accuracy of the finite element model of the intruder was verified. Through the simulation calculation of high-speed collision between the train and two kinds of living intrusions, the maximum acceleration of the train body, the maximum lifting of the wheel pair, the deformation of the cowcatcher, and the maximum central load on the cowcatcher during the collision can be obtained. The results of the study show that at a collision speed of 110 km/h and different collision positions, the collision risk factor between the train and heavier organisms is relatively high, and the risk arising from frontal collisions is generally greater than that of offset collisions; despite this, all the indicators such as the maximum acceleration of the train, the maximum lift of the wheel pairs, the reduction in the length of the cowcatcher discharge per 5 m of space, and the maximum central load borne by the cowcatcher discharge are lower than the EN15227 standard. Additionally, the safety of the train is not affected and the components can work reliably.