ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Immunomodulatory Activity of Punicalagin, Punicalin, and Ellagic Acid Differs from the Effect of Pomegranate Peel Extract.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of supplementation with nutrients and dietary supplements on recovery and inflammatory response among patients with COVID-19: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Pomegranate Extracts as Dual Regulators of Angiogenesis: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence in Cancer and Chronic Wound Healing.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Pooled it
- Microstructure-driven modulation of polyphenol stability and antidiabetic activity in alginate microspheres loaded with pomegranate and tomato by-products.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Article
- Ellagic acid in poultry nutrition: emerging roles in gut health, immunity, and sustainable production.Poultry science · 2026Review
- Natural Ellagitannins as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Metabolic Syndrome-Related Disorders.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dietary Ellagic Acid Protects and Ameliorates Copper Sulfate-Induced Toxicity in Common Carp (Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Herbal preparations traditionally used in upper respiratory tract infections: UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MSBMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Pomegranate-derived nanovesicles as therapeutic agents for acute pancreatitis in a murine model: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and endocrine-protective properties.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Waste valorization utilizing green nanotechnology: a sustainable approach for pomegranate peel agro wastes in skincare formulations.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2025Review
- Exploration of the mechanism of the Mongolian medicine Tonglaga-5 (-5) for the treatment of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine-induced chronic atrophic gastritis based on network pharmacology and metabolomics.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025Article
- In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of Differential Antibacterial Activity of Pomegranate Polyphenols Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Plant Extracts and Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Women: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Therapeutic Potential.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The composition of phenolic compounds in Chinese olive (Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Effect of Punicalagin and Ellagic Acid on Human Fibroblasts In Vitro: A Preliminary Evaluation of Their Therapeutic Potential.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Differential Correlation of Transcriptome Data Reveals Gene Pairs and Pathways Involved in Treatment ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antibiofilm effects of punicalagin againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOur recent study has shown that pomegranate peel extract (PEx) showed significant immunomodulatory activity, which might be caused by ellagitannins. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that ellagitannin components act synergistically in the modulation of cytokine production.
methodsHuman peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and treated with different concentrations of PEx or punicalagin (PG), punicalin (PN), and ellagic acid (EA), alone or with their combinations. Cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and cytokine production were determined.
resultsNon-cytotoxic concentrations of all compounds significantly inhibited cell proliferation. IC50 values (μg/mL) were: EA (7.56), PG (38.52), PEx (49.05), and PN (69.95). PEx and all ellagitannins inhibited the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, dose-dependently, and their combinations acted synergistically. PEx and all ellagitannins inhibited Th1 and Th17 responses, whereas the lower concentrations of PEx stimulated the production of IL-10, a Treg cytokine, as did lower concentrations of EA. However, neither component of ellagitannins increased Th2 response, as was observed with PEx.
conclusionsThe combination of PG, PN, and EA potentiated the anti-inflammatory response without any significant synergistic down-modulatory effect on T-cell cytokines. The increased production of IL-10 observed with PEx could be attributable to EA, but the examined ellagitannins are not associated with the stimulatory effect of PEx on Th2 response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.