ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
The Prevalence, Characteristics and Risk Factors of Persistent Symptoms in Non-Hospitalized and Hospitalized Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Followed-Up for up to 12 Months: A Prospective, Cohort Study in Rome, Italy.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk factor for long COVID in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Journal of infection and public health · 2023Pooled it
- The Burden of Long-COVID-19 Among Pediatric Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Phenotyping Pediatric Long COVID: Symptom Clusters from a Longitudinal Multicenter Italian Cohort.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Characterizing Long COVID Symptoms During Early Childhood.JAMA pediatrics · 2025Article
- Age differences in prevalence and symptoms of post-COVID-19 condition among children: a prospective cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Prevalence and duration of clinical symptoms of pediatric long COVID: findings from a one-year prospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Post-coronavirus disease 2019-associated symptoms among children and adolescents in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron era.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients Within the United States: A Scoping Review.American journal of medicine open · 2024Article
- Long COVID in Children and Adolescents: A Critical Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children: a large multicenter study from Iran.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- COVID-19: Insights into long-term manifestations and lockdown impacts.Journal of sport and health science · 2023Review
- Infection, Dysbiosis and Inflammation Interplay in the COVID Era in Children.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Neuropsychiatric Assessment of Children with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition (Long Covid) in children: a prospective cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Cognition and Mental Health in Pediatric Patients Following COVID-19.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Sleep disturbance in post COVID-19 conditions: Prevalence and quality of life.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies assessing the prevalence of COVID-19 sequelae in children have included either a small number of children or a short follow-up period, or have only focused on hospitalized children. We investigated the prevalence of persistent symptoms amongst children and assessed the risk factors, including the impact of variants. A prospective cohort study included children (≤18 years old) with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The participants were assessed via telephone and face-to-face visits at 1-5, 6-9 and 12 or more months post-SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis using the ISARIC COVID-19 follow-up survey. Of the 679 children enrolled, 51% were female; 488 were infected during the wild virus wave, and 29 were infected with the Alpha, 42 with the Delta and 120 with the Omicron variants. Fatigue (19%), headache (12%), insomnia (7.5%), muscle pain (6.9%) and confusion with concentration issues (6.8%) were the most common persistent symptoms. Families reported an overall improvement over time, with 0.7% of parents interviewed at 12 months or more of the follow-up period reporting a poor recovery. Patients that had not recovered by 6-9 months had a lower probability of recovering during the next follow-up period. Children infected with a variant or the wild virus had an overall similar rate of persistent symptoms (although the pattern of reported symptoms differed significantly) and recovery rates. Conclusions: Recovery rates after SARS-CoV-2 infection improved as time passed from the initial infection, ranging from 4% of children having poor recovery at 1-5 months' follow-up to 1.3% at 6-9 months and 0.7% at 12 months. The patterns of persistence changed according to the variants involved at the time of infection. This study reinforces that a subgroup of children develop long-lasting persistent symptoms and highlights the need for further studies investigating the reasons behind the development of PCC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.