Exploiting Plant-Phytonematode Interactions to Upgrade Safe and Effective Nematode Control.

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) bring about substantial losses of economic crops globally. With the environmental and health issues facing the use of chemical nematicides, research efforts should focus on providing economically effective and safe control methods. The sound exploitation of plant-PPN interactions is fundamental to such efforts. Initially, proper sampling and extraction techniques should be followed to avoid misleading nematode data. Recent evolutions in plant-PPN interactions can make use of diverse non-molecular and molecular approaches to boost plant defenses. Therefore, PPN control and increasing crop yields through single, sequential, dual-purpose, and simultaneous applications of agricultural inputs, including biocontrol agents, should be seriously attempted, especially within IPM schemes. The use of biologicals would ideally be facilitated by production practices to solve related issues. The full investment of such interactions should employ new views of interdisciplinary specialties in the relevant modern disciplines to optimize the PPN management. Having an accurate grasp of the related molecular events will help in developing tools for PPN control. Nonetheless, the currently investigated molecular plant-PPN interactions favoring plant responses, e.g., resistance genes, RNA interference, marker-assisted selection, proteinase inhibitors, chemo-disruptive peptides, and plant-incorporated protectants, are key factors to expanding reliable management. They may be applied on broader scales for a substantial improvement in crop yields.