ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Learning from TCR Signaling and Immunological Synapse Assembly to Build New Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs).
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adoptive T Cell therapy for cancer and autoimmune disease: current advances, challenges, and future directions.Oncology reviews · 2026Article
- Applications of nanoparticles in CAR-T cell therapy: non-viral manufacturing, enhancing in vivo function, and in vivo generation of CAR-T cells.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Current developments in T-cell receptor therapy for acute myeloid leukemia.Blood advances · 2025Review
- Phosphatidylserine as a tumor target for CAR-T cell therapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Recent progress in stem cell and immune cell-based interventions for aging and age-related disorders.Frontiers in aging · 2025Review
- Smart CAR-T Nanosymbionts: archetypes and proto-models.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- CAR T Cell Nanosymbionts: Revealing the Boundless Potential of a New Dyad.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mechanical forces amplify TCR mechanotransduction in T cell activation and function.Applied physics reviews · 2024Review
- Leukemic cell-secreted interleukin-9 suppresses cytotoxic T cell-mediated killing in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- p66Shc deficiency in CLL cells enhances PD-L1 expression and suppresses immune synapse formation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Rewiring the T cell-suppressive cytokine landscape of the tumor microenvironment: a new frontier for precision anti-cancer therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Bringing cell therapy to tumors: considerations for optimal CAR binder design.Antibody therapeutics · 2023Review
- Failure of ALL recognition by CAR T cells: a review of CD 19-negative relapses after anti-CD 19 CAR-T treatment in B-ALL.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Extracellular vesicles and microvilli in the immune synapse.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Bispecific Antibody Format and the Organization of Immunological Synapses in T Cell-Redirecting Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy is a revolutionary pillar in cancer treatment. Clinical experience has shown remarkable successes in the treatment of certain hematological malignancies but only limited efficacy against B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other cancer types, especially solid tumors. A wide range of engineering strategies have been employed to overcome the limitations of CAR T cell therapy. However, it has become increasingly clear that CARs have unique, unexpected features; hence, a deep understanding of how CARs signal and trigger the formation of a non-conventional immunological synapse (IS), the signaling platform required for T cell activation and execution of effector functions, would lead a shift from empirical testing to the rational design of new CAR constructs. Here, we review current knowledge of CARs, focusing on their structure, signaling and role in CAR T cell IS assembly. We, moreover, discuss the molecular features accounting for poor responses in CLL patients treated with anti-CD19 CAR T cells and propose CLL as a paradigm for diseases connected to IS dysfunctions that could significantly benefit from the development of novel CARs to generate a productive anti-tumor response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.