ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) Concomitant with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Are Therapeutically Effective in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) In Vivo Model.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy with survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) sensitize anti-PD1-resistant lung tumors to PD1 blockade and remodel myeloid and lymphoid states.Research square · 2026Article
- Efficacy and immunogenic effects of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with and without gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields), and their concomitant application with FOLFOX, are effective for the treatment of gastric cancer cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Development and Preliminary Validation of a Wearable Tumor Treating Fields Device for Breast Cancer Therapy.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Article
- Electricity-Based Locoregional Cancer Therapies and Their Associated Drug Delivery Technologies: From Principles of Action to Clinical Implications.Biomaterials research · 2026Review
- HMGB1 as Double-Edged Regulator of Cancer Therapy: Mechanistic Roles in Chemotherapy Resistance and Immunotherapy Response.OncoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Translating physical stress into biological signals: precision electro-oncology based on conformational changes of electro-sensitive receptors and parameterized immune remodeling.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Phenotype Skewing Induced by Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Selective antitumor activity of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) involving molecular factors in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment.Translational oncology · 2025Review
- Immune Modulation in Cancer: The Role of Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields).Current protocols · 2025Review
- Cancer Cell Permeability Induced by Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) as a Physical Approach to Improve Chemotherapy Uptake and Overcome Multidrug Resistance.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Article
- The transcriptomic fingerprint of cancer response to Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields).Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- An Analysis for IDH-Mutant Grade 4 Astrocytoma Based on WHO CNS 5: Implication of Clinical Practice.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Advancement in tumor treating fields of mechanism, clinical applications, and future directions.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- FGFR inhibition as a new therapeutic strategy to sensitize glioblastoma stem cells to tumor treating fields.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Precise Electromagnetic Modulation of the Cell Cycle and Its Applications in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) Therapy in Unresectable Pleural Mesothelioma: Overview of Efficacy, Safety, and Future Outlook.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Tumor treating fields enhance anti-PD therapy by improving CCL2/8 and CXCL9/CXCL10 expression through inducing immunogenic cell death in NSCLC models.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Recent advances in Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy for glioblastoma.The oncologist · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are electric fields that exert physical forces to disrupt cellular processes critical for cancer cell viability and tumor progression. TTFields induce anti-mitotic effects through the disruption of the mitotic spindle and abnormal chromosome segregation, which trigger several forms of cell death, including immunogenic cell death (ICD). The efficacy of TTFields concomitant with anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) treatment was previously shown in vivo and is currently under clinical investigation. Here, the potential of TTFields concomitant with anti- PD-1/anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA-4) or anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to improve therapeutic efficacy was examined in lung tumor-bearing mice. Increased circulating levels of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and elevated intratumoral levels of phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α) were found in the TTFields-treated mice, indicative of ICD induction. The concomitant application of TTFields and ICI led to a significant decrease in tumor volume as compared to all other groups. In addition, significant increases in the number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, specifically cytotoxic T-cells, were observed in the TTFields plus anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-L1 groups. Correspondingly, cytotoxic T-cells isolated from these tumors showed higher levels of IFN-γ production. Collectively, these results suggest that TTFields have an immunoactivating role that may be leveraged for concomitant treatment with ICI to achieve better tumor control by enhancing antitumor immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.