Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36429836›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022

A South African Epidemiological Study of Fatal Drownings: 2016-2021.

Jill Fortuin, Innocent Karangwa, Nongcebo Mahlalela, Cleeve Robertson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jill FortuinNational Sea Rescue Institute, Cape Town 7441, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-1205-2601
Innocent KarangwaDepartment of Statistical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
Nongcebo MahlalelaNational Sea Rescue Institute, Cape Town 7441, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-1047-6419
Cleeve RobertsonNational Sea Rescue Institute, Cape Town 7441, South Africa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Drowning is a serious public health concern. Low-and-middle-income countries are the most affected by drowning, as they carry 90% of the global drowning burden. The purpose of this retrospective epidemiological study is to provide an overview of fatal drownings in South Africa between 2016 and 2021. The data used for the study were obtained from the South African Police Service. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Statistical analyses included a t-test and chi-square test. The results indicate that the average number of fatal drownings per annum is 1477 in South Africa, with an average drowning rate of 2.54 per 100,000 population for the period 2016 to 2021. The KwaZulu-Natal province had the highest incidence of drowning. The 0-4-year-age group has the highest prevalence of drowning among all the age categories. More males drowned in South Africa compared to females.

Indexed as

DrowningFemaleHumansIncidenceMalePoliceRetrospective StudiesSouth Africadrowningepidemiologylow and middle incomeSouth Africa

Identifiers

PMID36429836
PMCPMC9690020

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.