ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Perceptions, Attitudes, Experiences and Opinions of Tuberculosis Associated Stigma: A Qualitative Study of the Perspectives among the Bolgatanga Municipality People of Ghana.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gendered experiences of people living with tuberculosis or leprosy: A global systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Tuberculosis- and Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Knowledge, Stigma, and Health-Seeking Behaviour in Ghana.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitude, and practices of households toward tuberculosis transmission and early diagnosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Barriers to the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Settings, characteristics, and experiences of stigma among people with tuberculosis in Kenya: National survey results.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- The Association Between Tuberculosis-Related Stigma and Sleep Quality Among Hospitalized Tuberculosis Patients: The Indirect Role of Anxiety.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- Latent tuberculosis infection among undergraduate nursing students: a study of social representations.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2026Article
- Addressing Stigma, Mental Well-Being, and Alcohol Use among People with Tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Call for an Integrated Care Model.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Stigmatization and discrimination of female tuberculosis patients in Kyrgyzstan - a phenomenological study.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Facilitators and barriers for completion of the diagnostic process among people with presumed tuberculosis in Central Uganda.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Insights, beliefs, and myths surrounding tuberculosis among pulmonary patients with delayed healthcare access in a high-burden TB state in Nigeria - a qualitative inquiry.Frontiers in sociology · 2024Article
- Opinion review of drug resistant tuberculosis in West Africa: tackling the challenges for effective control.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the tenth leading cause of death worldwide. About 1.3 million people die from TB each year, and most of them are in developing countries. The stigma associated with TB is a barrier to seeking treatment and adequate care. It causes a delay in treatment-seeking and diagnosis and thus decreases the likelihood of being cured and ultimately leads to death. The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions, attitudes, experiences, and opinions about stigma related to TB among adults infected with TB and adults who were not infected with TB. Our study was qualitative in nature. The study was conducted in the community of Bolgatanga municipality of the upper-east region of Ghana. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted; one with six TB-infected females, one with seven TB-infected males, and one with six non-TB-infected participants. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and presented in pre-defined and/or emerging themes: perception about signs and symptoms observed by TB infected person, attitudes towards TB patients before and after diagnosis, reasons for stigmatization, perception about diagnostic testing, and taking the drugs. Transcripts of the discussions were read, and a list of meanings for units, codes, and themes was generated on the research question. We identified the existence of stigma associated with TB. TB-infected male patients had more autonomy in decision-making about receiving treatment and other family matters compared to female TB patients. TB-infected women suffered more economic vulnerability due to the loss of their work, and the stigma was worsened due to delayed diagnosis and treatment, and they were regarded as liabilities rather than assets. TB-infected patients became stigmatized because non-TB-infected community participants did not want to come into close contact with them. Our findings suggest heightening of advocacy, communication, social mobilization, and health education on TB in the community of Bolgatanga municipality is needed to allay TB-related stigma, especially for women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.