ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Macrophage-like Cells Are Increased in Patients with Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy and Correlate with Macular Edema.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory Biomarkers in Diabetic Macular Edema.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Changes in the macrophage-like cells following progression and treatment of diabetic macular edema.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Observational
- Macrophage-Like Cell Density and Distribution in Relation to Vascular Leakage in Diabetes.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Investigating Late-Stage Diabetic Retinopathy: A Long-term Analysis of Vascular Changes in the Streptozotocin-Induced Mouse Model.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Preclinical Retinal Disease Models: Applications in Drug Development and Translational Research.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association and multimodal model of retinal and blood-based biomarkers for detection of preclinical Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- Retinal perivascular macrophages regulate immune cell infiltration during neuroinflammation in mouse models of ocular disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Quantifying Putative Retinal Gliosis in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Macrophage activation contributes to diabetic retinopathy.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Vitreoretinal Interface Cells Correlate In Vivo With Uveitis Activity and Decrease With Anti-Inflammatory Treatment.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Association between macrophage-like cell density and ischemia metrics in diabetic eyes.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics analysis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy fibrovascular membranes reveals AEBP1 as fibrogenesis modulator.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Macrophage/microglia polarization for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophage-like cells (MLCs) are potential inflammatory biomarkers. We previously showed that MLCs are increased in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) eyes. Vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) includes PDR, severe non-PDR (NPDR), and diabetic macular edema (DME). No prior data exist on MLCs in eyes with severe NPDR or DME. This prospective, cross-sectional optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) imaging study included 40 eyes of 37 participants who had NPDR classified as non-VTDR (n = 18) or VTDR (n = 22). Repeated OCT-A images were registered, averaged, and used to quantify the main outcome measures: MLC density and percent area. MLC density and percent area were correlated with clinical characteristics, NPDR stage, presence of DME, and OCT central subfield thickness (CST). In VTDR eyes, MLC density (2.6-fold, p < 0.001) and MLC percent area (2.5-fold, p < 0.01) were increased compared with non-VTDR eyes. Multiple linear regression analysis between MLC metrics and clinical characteristics found that MLC density was positively correlated with worse NPDR severity (p = 0.023) and higher CST values (p = 0.010), while MLC percent area was only positively associated with increased CST values (p = 0.006). MLCs are increased in patients with VTDR. Macular edema is the most strongly associated factor with increased MLC numbers in NPDR eyes.
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Registered trials
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