ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2023
Social inequalities in child development: the role of differential exposure and susceptibility to stressful family conditions.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sociodemographic Factors and Childhood Growth: Associations with Environmental Sanitation Phases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Exploring syndemic vulnerability among adolescents living in urban cities in the Netherlands: a latent class analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Social development in Chinese children with cochlear implants and hearing peers: a propensity score matching study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- A systematic bibliometric and meta analysis of key factors and emerging AI and ML insights in shaping child cognitive development.Discover mental health · 2025Review
- Adverse childhood experiences as a risk factor for depression-overweight comorbidity in adolescence and young adulthood.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Household- and school-level parental education and academic self-concept development in elementary school.NPJ science of learning · 2025Article
- Interactions of chronic stress exposure and stress appraisal on vascular endothelial function among young adults.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2025Article
- Social Inequalities and Geographical Distribution in Caries Treatment Needs among Schoolchildren Living in Buenos Aires City: A Cross-Sectional Study.Dentistry journal · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStressful family conditions may contribute to inequalities in child development because they are more common among disadvantaged groups (ie, differential exposure) and/or because their negative effects are stronger among disadvantaged groups (ie, differential impact/susceptibility). We used counterfactual mediation analysis to investigate to what extent stressful family conditions contribute to inequalities in child development via differential exposure and susceptibility.
methodsWe used data from the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort in the Netherlands (n=6842). Mother's education was used as the exposure. Developmental outcomes, measured at age 13 years, were emotional and behavioural problems (Youth Self-Report), cognitive development (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and secondary education entry level. Financial and social stress at age 9 years were the putative mediators.
resultsDifferential exposure to financial stress caused a 0.07 (95% CI -0.12 to -0.01) SD worse emotional and behavioural problem -score, a 0.05 (95% CI -0.08 to -0.02) SD lower intelligence score and a 0.05 (95% CI -0.05 to -0.01) SD lower secondary educational level, respectively, among children of less-educated mothers compared with children of more-educated mothers. This corresponds to a relative contribution of 54%, 9% and 6% of the total effect of mother's education on these outcomes, respectively. Estimates for differential exposure to social stress, and differential susceptibility to financial or social stress, were much less pronounced.
conclusionAmong children of less-educated mothers, higher exposure to financial stress in the family substantially contributes to inequalities in socioemotional development, but less so for cognitive development and educational attainment.
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