Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36428058›Full record

ArticleArchives of psychiatric nursing2022

Secondary traumatic stress and dissociative coping strategies in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: The protective role of resilience.

George Tsouvelas, Argyroula Kalaitzaki, Alexandra Tamiolaki, Michael Rovithis, George Konstantakopoulos

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of psychiatric nursing, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. Impact of coping on resilience among nurse practitioners in Taiwan.Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

George TsouvelasDepartment of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: tsouvelasgiorgos@gmail.com.
Argyroula KalaitzakiDepartment of Social Work, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches for the Enhancement of Quality of Life, Affiliated Researcher of the Research Centre 'Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences', Hellenic Mediterranean University, CP: 71004 Heraklion, Greece. Electronic address: akalaitzaki@hmu.gr.
Alexandra TamiolakiDepartment of Social Work, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches for the Enhancement of Quality of Life, Hellenic Mediterranean University, CP: 71004 Heraklion, Greece.
Michael RovithisDepartment of Nursing, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Enhancement of Quality of Life, Affiliated Researcher of the Research Centre 'Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences', Health Sciences Faculty, Hellenic Mediterranean University, CP: 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Electronic address: rovithis@hmu.gr.
George KonstantakopoulosDepartment of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece; Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: gekonst@otenet.gr.
Hellenic Mediterranean University · GRNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRUniversity College London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses are repeatedly exposed to acute stress at their workplace, and therefore, they are at high risk for developing mental health symptoms. The prolonged exposure of healthcare professionals may lead to Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS). STS is an aspect of "cost of care", the natural consequence of providing care to people who suffer physically or psychologically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of STS in nurses during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece and to detect aggravating and protective factors. Participants were 222 nurses (87.4 % women; mean age 42.3 years) who completed an online survey. The questionnaire comprised of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory. Nurses had high levels of STS. The hierarchical regression analyses showed that STS and its dimensions Avoidance and Arousal were positively predicted mainly by denial and self-distraction coping strategies and inversely by resilience. Resilience exhibited a protective (partial mediation) effect on the strong relationship between the dissociative coping strategies (denial, self-distraction, venting and behavioral disengagement) and STS. Trauma-informed care psychosocial interventions are needed to support the already overburdened nursing staff during the coronavirus pandemic.

Indexed as

Burnout, ProfessionalCompassion FatigueCOVID-19Stress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdaptation, PsychologicalAdultFemaleHumansMalePandemicsCoronavirusDissociationNursesResilienceSecondary traumatic stressStructural equation model

Identifiers

PMID36428058
PMCPMC9428110
OpenAlexW4293722903

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.