ArticleSurgery2022
Use of fluorescence imaging and indocyanine green for sentinel node mapping during gastric cancer surgery: Results of an intercontinental Delphi survey.
Article in Surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06421220 (Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Submucosal Injection of Indocyanine Green Tracer in 3D Fluorescent Laparoscopic Lymph Node Dissection for Gastric Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Submucosal Injection of Indocyanine Green Tracer in 3D Fluorescent Laparoscopic Lymph Node Dissection for Gastric Cancer: a Prospective, a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study Clinical Trial
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of indocyanine green in the intraoperative navigation of gastric cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of indocyanine green lymphography imaging for the diagnosis of primary lymphoedema.The British journal of radiology · 2025Pooled it
- Factors associated with esophagojejunostomy stricture and its clinical impact after gastrectomy: a 10-year single-center study.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2026Article
- Upper limb lymphatic mapping and quantitative functional analysis in normal cynomolgus monkeys using indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence lymphography.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Expert consensus on multidisciplinary management of laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery combined with sentinel lymph node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer (2026 edition).Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2026Article
- Optimizing immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: established and emerging biomarkers for precision patient selection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Fluorescence-guided lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer surgery: a novel intraoperative indocyanine green injection.Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian archives of digestive surgery · 2026Article
- Innovative Immunotherapy and Its Transformative Impact on Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of the Disease's Origins, Epidemiology, Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Bright and Specific Targeting of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Orthotopic Mouse Models of Gastric Cancer with a Fluorescent Anti-CEA Antibody.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Optical imaging guidance in oncologic surgery and interventional oncology.Pharmacological research · 2025Review
- Indocyanine green and near-infrared fluorescence-guided surgery for gastric cancer: a narrative review.Journal of minimally invasive surgery · 2024Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 20 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the extent of tumor spread to local lymph nodes is critical to managing early-stage gastric cancer. Recently, fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green has been used to identify and characterize sentinel lymph nodes during gastric cancer surgery, but no published guidelines exist. We sought to identify areas of consensus among international experts in the use of fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green for mapping sentinel lymph nodes during gastric-cancer surgery.
methodsIn this 2-round, online Delphi survey, 27 international experts voted on 79 statements pertaining to patient preparation and contraindications to fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green during gastric cancer surgery; indications; technical aspects; advantages/disadvantages and limitations; and training and research. Methodological steps were adopted during survey design to minimize bias.
resultsConsensus was reached on 61 of 79 statements, including giving single injections of indocyanine green into each of the 4 quadrants peritumorally, administering indocyanine green on the same day as surgery, injecting a total of 1 to 5 mL of 5 mg/mL indocyanine green, injecting endoscopically into submucosa, and repeating indocyanine green injections a second time if sentinel lymph node visualization remains inadequate. Consensus also was reached that fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green is an acceptable single-agent modality for sentinel lymph node identification and that the sentinel lymph node basin method is preferred. However, sentinel lymph node dissection should be limited to T1 gastric cancer and tumors ≤4 cm in diameter, and further research is necessary to optimize the technique and render fluorescence-guided sentinel lymph nodes dissection acceptable for routine clinical use.
conclusionAlthough considerable consensus was achieved, further research is necessary before this technology should be used in routine practice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.