ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2023
A national profile of sandwich generation caregivers providing care to both older adults and children.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Benefit finding and caregiving burden among primary caregivers of patients with advanced cancer in China: A latent profile analysis.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- African American Attitudes Toward Supporting Older Adults: Differences by Lifecourse Stage.Sociological focus · 2026Article
- Adoption and Use of a Smart Home Connected Care System by Older Adults: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR aging · 2026Article
- Friend Caregivers Among Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Caregiver social networks and discontinued support during COVID-19: a multilevel dyadic analysis.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Vasectomy in the absence of paternity A pre- and post-pandemic Canadian cohort analysis.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2026Article
- 'Whole person' caregiver assessment: Insights from heart failure and stroke caregivers.Social sciences & humanities open · 2026Article
- Prediction of burnout and psychosocial differences among sandwich generation and other informal caregivers.Aging & mental health · 2026Article
- Health-Related Consequences of Financial Strain Among Family Caregivers in the U.S.Research on aging · 2026Article
- Bridging Infrastructure Gaps for Intergenerational Caregivers in Public Health Emergencies.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2026Article
- Traditional Asian Mind-Body Exercises for Vasomotor Symptoms and Other Menopausal Symptoms in Women Experiencing Peri- and Post-Menopause: A Scoping Review Protocol.Nursing open · 2026Article
- Loneliness, boredom, and leisure in later life: associations with well-being.Innovation in aging · 2026Article
- A national snapshot of family caregivers in the United States: characterizing demographics and health among caregivers over age 50.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Stress and coping among dual caregivers in China: a grounded theory study of intergenerational caregiving.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia risk among older adults with diabetes: an exploratory network analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Online Survey Respondents' Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Delirium.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Thriving from Work Questionnaire: Validation of a Measure of Worker Wellbeing Among Older U.S. Workers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Family availability and memory function and decline among adults aged ≥51 in England and the United States, 2004-2019.SSM - population health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMany U.S. caregivers provide care to the generation above and below simultaneously, described as "sandwich" generation caregivers. We seek to provide the first national estimates characterizing sandwich generation caregivers and the older adults for whom they care.
methodsWe used the 2015 National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) and National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) to compare individual (demographic, socio-economic, health, and caregiving characteristics) and caregiving-related experience (financial and emotional difficulties, caregiver role overload and gains, supportive services, employment and participation restrictions) between sandwich and non-sandwich generation caregivers. The analysis included adult child caregivers with or without any minor child under 18 years (n = 194 and 912 NSOC respondents, respectively) providing care to n = 436 and 1217 older adult NHATS respondents.
resultsOf all adult child caregivers, 24.3% also cared for a minor child (i.e., sandwich generation caregivers), representing 2.5 million individuals. Sandwich generation caregivers provided similar care hours to older care recipients as non-sandwich caregivers (77.4 vs. 71.6 h a month, p = 0.60), though more of them worked for pay (69.4% vs. 53.9%, p = 0.002). Both sandwich generation caregivers (21.0% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.005) and their care recipients (30.1% vs. 20.9%, p = 0.006) were more likely to be Medicaid enrollees than their non-sandwich caregiving counterparts. More sandwich generation caregivers reported substantial financial (23.5% vs. 12.2%, p < 0.001) and emotional difficulties (44.1% vs. 32.2%, p = 0.02) than non-sandwich caregivers; they also reported higher caregiver role overload (score: 2.9 vs. 2.4, p = 0.04). Their supportive services use was similarly low as non-sandwich caregivers except for seeking financial help (24.8% vs. 14.7%, p = 0.008).
conclusionsBesides caring for minor child(ren), sandwich generation caregivers provided similarly intense care to care recipients as non-sandwich caregivers and had higher labor force participation; they experienced more caregiving-related financial and emotional difficulties and role overload. Policymakers may consider supportive services that address their unique needs and roles.
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