ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2023
How to estimate heritability: a guide for genetic epidemiologists.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Alzheimer disease is (sometimes) highly heritable: Drivers of variation in heritability estimates for binary traits, a systematic review.PLoS genetics · 2025Pooled it
- Application of Mendelian randomized research method in oncology research: bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Estimating on-farm genotypic performance and variability using ranking data.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2026Article
- Exploring the use of machine and deep learning in genome-wide association studies: a comprehensive review.BioData mining · 2026Review
- Genetic analysis of imaging-derived phenotypes.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- A comprehensive overview of the biological foundations of ADHD.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Genetic risk for high body mass index before and amidst the obesity epidemic: Cross-cohort analysis of four british birth cohort studies.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- On the genetic origins of phenotypes in genome-wide association studies: the SAFE-hBMC bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Mapping the heritability of disease: a nationwide study.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genetic Improvement of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) through gamma-ray-induced mutagenesis: evaluation of M₄ progenies for yield, agronomic traits, and low ODAP content.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Extending the Use of Mendelian Randomisation With Non-Inherited Variants to Assess Socially Transmitted Parental Exposures Under Assortative Mating.Genetic epidemiology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in LDL-C genetic architecture and statin efficacy in All of Us.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Reconceptualizing bipolar disorder through an integrative biological lens: synthesis, convergence, and emerging directions.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2026Review
- BIGFAM - variance components analysis from relatives without genotype.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The genetic and environmental composition of socioeconomic status in Norway.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Genomic landscape of cancer in racially and ethnically diverse populations.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
- Optimized phenotyping of complex morphological traits: enhancing discovery of common and rare genetic variants.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- DeepAnnotation: A novel interpretable deep learning-based genomic selection model that integrates comprehensive functional annotations.GigaScience · 2025Article
- Dimensions of music use motivations: Genetic and environmental underpinnings, and associations with Big Five and Empathy traits.PloS one · 2025Article
- Heritability and shared environmental effects of brain diseases in 12,040 extended families.NPJ dementia · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Traditionally, heritability has been estimated using family-based methods such as twin studies. Advancements in molecular genomics have facilitated the development of methods that use large samples of (unrelated or related) genotyped individuals. Here, we provide an overview of common methods applied in genetic epidemiology to estimate heritability, i.e. the proportion of phenotypic variation explained by genetic variation. We provide a guide to key genetic concepts required to understand heritability estimation methods from family-based designs (twin and family studies), genomic designs based on unrelated individuals [linkage disequilibrium score regression, genomic relatedness restricted maximum-likelihood (GREML) estimation] and family-based genomic designs (sibling regression, GREML-kinship, trio-genome-wide complex trait analysis, maternal-genome-wide complex trait analysis, relatedness disequilibrium regression). We describe how heritability is estimated for each method and the assumptions underlying its estimation, and discuss the implications when these assumptions are not met. We further discuss the benefits and limitations of estimating heritability within samples of unrelated individuals compared with samples of related individuals. Overall, this article is intended to help the reader determine the circumstances when each method would be appropriate and why.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.