ArticleAllergy, asthma & immunology research2022
Distinct Endotypes of Pediatric Rhinitis Based on Cluster Analysis.
Article in Allergy, asthma & immunology research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trajectory Analysis of Pediatric Longitudinal Allergen Sensitization Patterns From Real World Data.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2026Article
- Rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms in children and adolescents with asthma: Longitudinal clustering analysis.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Clinical and molecular analysis of longitudinal rhinitis phenotypes in an urban birth cohort.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Age, Sex, and Symptom-Dependent Variations in Total IgE and Eosinophils in Atopic Patients: A Five-Year Retrospective Study.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence in pediatric allergy research.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Review
- [Risk factors for the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2023Review
- Diagnosis and Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Asthmatic Children.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDespite the wide spectrum of pediatric rhinitis, endotyping of rhinitis based on type 2 inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) is lacking. This study aimed to investigate endotypes of pediatric rhinitis using cluster analysis.
methodsCluster analysis was performed on data from 241 children with rhinitis by using 12 variables reflecting clinical characteristics of skin prick, laboratory, and pulmonary function tests. After extracting clusters, between-cluster differences in clinical features, such as nasal symptom scores and asthma comorbidity, were assessed to investigate the association between the endotypes and clinical features.
resultsFour clusters were extracted by hierarchical cluster analysis. Cluster 1 (n = 32 [13.3%]) was the non-allergic rhinitis dominant cluster with low type 2 inflammation and the lowest rate of BHR. Patients in cluster 1 had the mildest nasal symptoms and no asthma comorbidity. Cluster 2 (n = 114 [47.3%]) was the largest cluster and exhibited intermediate type 2 inflammation and low BHR. Cluster 3 (n = 65 [27.0%]) showed high type 2 inflammation and intermediate BHR. However, the severity of nasal symptoms and asthma comorbidity in this cluster were comparable with those in cluster 2. Cluster 4 (n = 30 [12.4%]) revealed high type 2 inflammation and BHR with potential functional airway impairment. Additionally, cluster 4 displayed the most severe nasal symptoms and frequent asthma comorbidity.
conclusionsFour distinct endotypes of pediatric rhinitis based on allergen sensitization, type 2 inflammation, and BHR correlate to symptoms and asthma comorbidity. These endotypes may aid clinicians in understanding the wide spectrum of pediatric rhinitis.
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