ReviewBioMed research international2022
Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis (AHLE): A Comprehensive Review on Causes, Symptoms, Link with COVID-19, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Review in BioMed research international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: a case report and systematic review of factors associated with severe disability and death.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Clinico‑Radiologic Probable Acute Haemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis Triggered by Legionella Pneumonia.Cureus · 2025Article
- Complement Factor I Deficiency With Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis and Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis: A Case Report.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Acute haemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy and inflammatory demyelinating encephalopathy associated with COVID-19 in adults in Southern China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis with Concurrent Retinal Vasculitis in an Elderly Japanese Patient.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis with gradual symptom onset: Case Report and literature review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- The role of immunotherapy in a refractory case of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis in a pediatric patient.SAGE open medical case reports · 2025Article
- Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy: a case report and literature review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Article
- Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis in the Context of MOG Antibody-Associated Disease. Comment on Chen et al. Rapid Progressive Fatal Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis as a new phenotype of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Article
- MRI of fatal course of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis in a child with SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA 2.0 infection.Neuroradiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE), also called Hurst disease, is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) marked by rapid progression and acute inflammation of the white matter. Due to the correlation in their suspected postinfectious autoimmune pathogenesis, it is regarded as the most severe form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Because this clinical scenario has a high mortality rate, aggressive and immediate treatment is required. Although the exact cause of AHLE is unknown, it usually occurs after a bacterial or viral infection, or, less frequently, after a measles or rabies vaccination. AHLE has been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a rare but serious neurological complication. However, due to the lack of evidence-based diagnostic criteria, diagnosis is difficult. The small number of cases described in the literature, which most likely reflects underreporting and/or low incidence, necessitates greater public awareness. Increased clinical suspicion and early imaging identification of this entity may allow clinicians to pursue more aggressive treatment options, potentially reducing fatal outcomes. This study focuses on symptoms and causes of AHLE, difference between AHLE and ADME, diagnosis and treatment of AHLE, and its link with COVID-19.
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Registered trials
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