ArticleCureus2022
Common Autoimmune Antibodies in Unexplained Infertile Female Patients in Saudi Arabia.
Article in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complete Heart Block in the Fetus: An Antenatal Complication of Sjögren's Syndrome.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Infertility and Auto-Antibodies: A Review.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Molecular Mechanism of Resveratrol and Its Therapeutic Potential on Female Infertility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Navigating the Challenges of Gluten Enteropathy and Infertility: The Role of Celiac-Related Antibodies and Dietary Changes.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnexplained female infertility is a devastating health problem that has become increasingly prevalent worldwide with no specific explanation despite comprehensive evaluations. Recent data suggest that serum autoimmune antibodies are frequently found in patients with unexplained female infertility.
objectivesThis study aims to identify the prevalence of common autoantibody abnormalities in females with unexplained infertility in Saudi Arabia.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on female patients with unexplained infertility sequentially referred to the allergy and immunology clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH). Demographics, clinical characteristics, and 12 common autoantibody immunological tests were described as frequency and percentage. The chi-square test was applied to evaluate any associations.
resultsA total of 119 females with unexplained infertility were studied; of those, 97 (81.5%) had secondary infertility. Their average age was 33.9 ± 5.6 years ranging from 23 to 49 years. The overall prevalence of a high level of at least one autoantibody (above the normal range) was 84%. The predominant high autoantibodies were antithyroglobulin in 42 (35.3%), antithyroid microsomal in 41 (34.5%), beta 2 glycoprotein IgM in 40 (33.6%), antigliadin IgA in 32 (26.9%), antinuclear in 22 (18.5%), and anticardiolipin IgM in 18 (15.1%) of the participants. The following significant associations were found in our study: secondary infertility with beta 2 glycoprotein (p = 0.022), age with antithyroglobulin (p = 0.027), and the number of pregnancies with anti-tissue transglutaminase IgG and antigliadin IgA (p = 0.015 and p = 0.043, respectively).
conclusionA high level of at least one autoantibody was detected in the majority of females with unexplained infertility. Antithyroid, antiphospholipid, antigliadin, and antinuclear autoantibodies were the most common autoantibodies. These findings may encourage autoantibody screening in infertile females to discover any potential immunopathology in further clinical studies.
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