Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36424639›Full record

ArticleChild and adolescent psychiatry and mental health2022

Time trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ryunosuke Goto, Aurelie Piedvache, Mayumi Hangai, Yui Yamaoka, Mariko Sampei, Naomi Sawada, Yusuke Okubo, Kyoko Tanaka, Naho Morisaki, Mariko Hosozawa

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Ryunosuke GotoDepartment of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. rgoto@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
Aurelie PiedvacheDepartment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
Mayumi HangaiDepartment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
Yui YamaokaDepartment of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Mariko SampeiDepartment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
Naomi SawadaDepartment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
Yusuke OkuboDepartment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
Kyoko TanakaDepartment of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
Naho Morisaki *Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
Mariko Hosozawa *Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan.
National Center For Child Health and Development · JPTokyo Medical and Dental University · JPNational Center for Global Health and Medicine · JPUniversity of Tokyo Health Sciences · JPUniversity of Tokyo Hospital · JP

Funding

Japan Science and Technology Agency JPMJJR2008Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JPJSJRP20211709Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 20GC1019
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveGiven their unique COVID-19 pandemic experience, it is necessary to evaluate the mental health of youth beyond the initial stages of the pandemic, in relation to the stringency of the social distancing measures. We aimed to describe long-term trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem among youth in Japan during the pandemic.

methodUsing serial cross-sectional data from April 2020 to December 2021, we evaluated the trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem of youth aged 6-17 years using the self-report KINDL questionnaire, weighted to represent the age and gender distributions in the Japanese population. We then tested the associations between emotional well-being and self-esteem and stringency of social distancing policies, measured using the Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index. Analyses were also stratified by gender and age group.

resultsThe emotional well-being and self-esteem of youth improved transiently in 2020, followed by a slight worsening trend into 2021. While emotional well-being stayed lower compared to initial levels nearly 2 years into the pandemic, self-esteem began to improve by late 2021. 12-17 year-olds had lower emotional well-being and self-esteem compared to 6-11 year-olds throughout the study period. Females had lower emotional well-being than males in May 2020 and lower self-esteem than males in May and September/October 2020. More stringent social distancing measures were associated with lower emotional well-being and self-esteem, especially 6-11 year-olds' self-esteem and females' emotional well-being.

conclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, older youth tended to have lower emotional well-being and self-esteem than younger youth. Younger and female youth were especially vulnerable to stringent social distancing measures.

Indexed as

COVID-19Emotional well-beingSchool closuresSelf-esteemSocial distancing

Identifiers

PMID36424639
PMCPMC9685852
OpenAlexW4309889480

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.