Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36424465›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2023

Generation of neural organoids for spinal-cord regeneration via the direct reprogramming of human astrocytes.

Jinhong Xu, Shi Fang, Suixin Deng, Huijuan Li, Xiaoning Lin, Yongheng Huang, Sangmi Chung, Yousheng Shu, Zhicheng Shao

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Anti-aging effect of Hedgehog signaling.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
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  19. Review
  20. Injury and therapy in a human spinal cord organoid.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Jinhong Xu *Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Shi Fang *Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Suixin DengInstitute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Huijuan LiInstitute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xiaoning LinDepartment of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9645-8475
Yongheng HuangInstitute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Sangmi ChungDepartment of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8737-9978
Yousheng ShuInstitute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Zhicheng ShaoInstitute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. zcshao@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-4383-119X
Xiamen University · CNChildren's Hospital of Fudan University · CNNew York Medical College · USZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University · CN

Funding

Common schizophrenia variants functioning in developmental human cortical interneuronsR01MH131610 · NIMH · RUTGERS BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SANGMI CHUNG · 2023 to 2026
$3.1M
Brain-region-specific humanized cortical interneuron miceR01MH133205 · NIMH · RUTGERS BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SANGMI CHUNG · 2023 to 2026
$2.5M
iPSC derived human cortical interneurons as developmental model of SchizophreniaR01MH107884 · NIMH · NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE · PI CHUNG, SANGMI · 2015 to 2019
$2.2M
Stem Cell-Derived Developmental Human Cortical Interneurons to Treat Intractable EpilepsyR56NS121541 · NINDS · NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE · PI CHUNG, SANGMI · 2021 to 2021
$566k
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH107884NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH131610NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH133205NINDS NIH HHS R56 NS121541
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Organoids with region-specific architecture could facilitate the repair of injuries of the central nervous system. Here we show that human astrocytes can be directly reprogrammed into early neuroectodermal cells via the overexpression of OCT4, the suppression of p53 and the provision of the small molecules CHIR99021, SB431542, RepSox and Y27632. We also report that the activation of signalling mediated by fibroblast growth factor, sonic hedgehog and bone morphogenetic protein 4 in the reprogrammed cells induces them to form spinal-cord organoids with functional neurons specific to the dorsal and ventral domains. In mice with complete spinal-cord injury, organoids transplanted into the lesion differentiated into spinal-cord neurons, which migrated and formed synapses with host neurons. The direct reprogramming of human astrocytes into neurons may pave the way for in vivo neural organogenesis from endogenous astrocytes for the repair of injuries to the central nervous system.

Indexed as

AstrocytesSpinal Cord InjuriesAnimalsHedgehog ProteinsHumansMiceNeuronsOrganoidsHedgehog Proteins

Identifiers

PMID36424465
PMCPMC12889199
OpenAlexW4310058381

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.