ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2023
Parenting Practices and Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms in the United States, 1991-2019.
Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Age-Varying Associations of Maternal Knowledge and Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms in Dyadic and Cultural Contexts.Journal of adolescence · 2026Article
- Changing Longitudinal Associations Between Home-Rearing Environments and Child Developmental Atypicality Across Two Decades.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Adolescent Worries About Societal Challenges: Changing Associations With Internalizing Symptoms, 1977-2021.Journal of adolescence · 2026Article
- Persistence of loneliness and low self-esteem from adolescence through age 60 in the United States: results from the Monitoring the Future Panel Study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Family Factors Associated with Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms: Longitudinal Findings from the ABCD Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Adolescent utilization of school based mental health services in the United States.International journal of mental health systems · 2025Article
- Reasons for alcohol use from 1976 to 2020 in the United States among individuals aged 18 to 30: Historical changes and mediation of cohort effects in binge drinking.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Parents' Needs and Satisfaction Levels for Parenting Support Schemes Provided by Local Government: Secondary Analysis of Cross-Sectional Survey Data.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAdolescent internalizing symptoms are increasing in the United States. Changes in parenting practices, including monitoring and communication, have been hypothesized to contribute to these increases. We aimed to estimate trends in parenting practices and understand whether shifts in such practices explain increases in internalizing symptoms.
methodsUsing 1991-2019 Monitoring the Future data (N = 933,645), we examined trends in five parental practices (i.e., knowledge [three combined indicators], monitoring [four combined indicators], communication, weekend curfew, social permission) with ordinal regressions. We tested associations between parental practices and indicators of being in the top decile of depressive affect, low self-esteem, and self-derogation using survey-weighted logistic regressions, adjusted for gender, race/ethnicity, grade, and parental education.
resultsThe prevalences of parental practices have not changed over time, with the exception of increases in parental knowledge, specifically parents knowing where an adolescent is after school (1999-2019 mean increase: 4.34 to 4.61 out of 5) and knowing an adolescent's location (4.16-4.49) and company at night (4.26-4.51). Higher levels of each practice were associated with lower internalizing symptoms (e.g., adjusted odds ratio for a high depressive affect based on a one-unit increase in parental knowledge: 0.89, 95% confidence interval: 0.88, 0.90). Patterns were consistent across internalizing outcomes and decade. DISCUSSION: Parental knowledge, monitoring, and other practices are stable protective factors for adolescent mental health. These factors are not changing in a manner that would plausibly underlie increases in internalizing symptoms. Future interventions should provide resources that support these parental practices which are tied to adolescent internalizing symptoms.
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