ArticleRevista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)2022
A potential syndemic effect associated with symptoms of depression among men who have sex with men.
Article in Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender-based violence syndemics in global health: A systematic review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Pooled it
- Multiple Discrimination, Substance-Related Coping, and Depression Among Sexual Minority Men with HIV.Journal of homosexuality · 2026Article
- High burden of depressive symptoms among sexual and gender diverse persons in Brazil: The role of discrimination, internalized homonegativity, and race.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Associations Between Both HIV and Metabolic Comorbidity and Self-Reported Mpox Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Psychosocial symptom networks and high-risk sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men: a network analysis.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- A Study of the Relationship between Men Who Have Sex with Men Stigma and Depression: A Moderated Mediation Model.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionGlobally, depression rates are high among men who have sex with men (MSM). Multiple factors may interact synergistically to increase this risk. This analysis assessed the prevalence of symptoms of depression among MSM in Brazil and synergistic effects of several factors.
methodsCross-sectional study conducted in 12 cities using respondent-driven sampling. Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics were collected. The PHQ-9 was used to screen for depression. Having moderate-severe depressive symptoms was compared to none-mild using logistic regression. The syndemic factor was a composite of hazardous alcohol use, sexual violence, and discrimination due to sexual orientation. Those with one to three of these factors were compared to those with none.
resultsThe weighted prevalence of moderate-severe depressive symptoms was 24.9% (95%CI = 21.8-28.8) and 16.2%, 22.9%, 46.0% and 51.0% when none, one, two, or three syndemic factors were present, respectively, indicating a dose-response effect. Perception of HIV risk, high level of HIV knowledge, known HIV infection, and health self-rated as poor or very poor were also associated with depressive symptoms.
conclusionThe prevalence of moderate-severe depressive symptoms among MSM in Brazil is high, and selected factors act synergistically in increasing their prevalence. Public health policies should consider holistic depression prevention and treatment interventions for this population.
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