ReviewToxins2022
Superantigens, a Paradox of the Immune Response.
Review in Toxins, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Superantigens in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Engineering Strategies, and Therapeutic Potential.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Protective immunity against Chagas disease induced by a superantigen-based chimeric DNA vaccine delivered by attenuatedFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Pathogenicity Mechanisms ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genotypic and phenotypic characterization ofmSystems · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Bovine Immune Response to Pathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) inToxins · 2025Review
- T cell related osteoimmunology in fracture healing: Potential targets for augmenting bone regeneration.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- The Therapeutic Efficacy of MS473, a Fully Human Single-Chain Variable Fragment Targeting Staphylococcus aureus Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1, in a D-Galactosamine-Sensitized Mouse Model of Lethal Shock.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Bacterial and host interactions inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- A highly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody targeting a novel linear epitope on staphylococcal enterotoxin B.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Staphylococcal Enterotoxins: Description and Importance in Food.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Overview of Bacterial Protein Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria: Mode of Action and Insights into Evolution.Toxins · 2024Review
- Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Literature Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Current Views about the Inflammatory Damage Triggered by Bacterial Superantigens and Experimental Attempts to Neutralize Superantigen-Mediated Toxic Effects with Natural and Biological Products.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024Review
- When inflammatory stressors dramatically change, disease phenotypes may transform between autoimmune hematopoietic failure and myeloid neoplasms.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Exploring HERV-K (HML-2) Influence in Cancer and Prospects for Therapeutic Interventions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins are a wide family of bacterial exotoxins with the capacity to activate as much as 20% of the host T cells, which is why they were called superantigens. Superantigens (SAgs) can cause multiple diseases in humans and cattle, ranging from mild to life-threatening infections. Almost all
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.