In Silico Study of the Mechanisms Underlying the Action of the Snake Natriuretic-Like Peptide Lebetin 2 during Cardiac Ischemia.

Lebetin 2 (L2), a natriuretic-like peptide (NP), exerts potent cardioprotection in myocardial infarction (MI), with stronger effects than B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying its cardioprotection effect, we used molecular modeling, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to describe the binding mode, key interaction residues as well as mechanistic insights into L2 interaction with NP receptors (NPRs). L2 binding affinity was determined for human, rat, mouse and chicken NPRs, and the stability of receptor-ligand complexes ascertained during 100 ns-long MD simulations. We found that L2 exhibited higher affinity for all human NPRs compared to BNP, with a rank preference for NPR-A > NPR-C > NPR-B. Moreover, L2 affinity for human NPR-A and NPR-C was higher in other species. Both docking and MD studies revealed that the NPR-C-L2 interaction was stronger in all species compared to BNP. Due to its higher affinity to human receptors, L2 could be used as a therapeutic approach in MI patients. Moreover, the stronger interaction of L2 with NPR-C could highlight a new L2 signaling pathway that would explain its additional effects during cardiac ischemia. Thus, L2 is a promising candidate for drug design toward novel compounds with high potency, affinity and stability.