ReviewToxins2022
Varespladib in the Treatment of Snakebite Envenoming: Development History and Preclinical Evidence Supporting Advancement to Clinical Trials in Patients Bitten by Venomous Snakes.
Review in Toxins, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adjunctive Varespladib after antivenom administration for snakebite: A phase II randomized clinical trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Trial
- Oral varespladib for the treatment of snakebite envenoming in India and the USA (BRAVO): a phase II randomised clinical trial.BMJ global health · 2024Trial
- Why does local edema persist? Immunological mismatch between phospholipase A2 potency and antivenom affinity in Protobothrops mucrosquamatus envenomation.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Exploiting the Property of a New Series of 1,2,3-Triazole Compounds as Inhibitors of In Vivo and In Vitro Toxic Effects Caused byTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Targeting Key Enzymatic Snake Venom Proteins Using Repurposed Small Molecule Inhibitors: Emerging Adjuncts to Antivenom Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Venom variation and the future of antivenom design: Integrating population venomics, evolutionary toxinology, and precision therapeutics.Toxicon: X · 2026Review
- Endogenous "Time Bomb" - Mislocalized Phospholipase A2 as a Critical Mediator of Ultra-Rapid Mortality in Sepsis and Acute Lung Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Identification of DC-174 as a Novel Hydroxamic Precandidate for the Development of an Oral Snakebite Treatment.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Chinese cobra (Naja atra) SVPLACommunications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Snake Venom PLAToxins · 2025Review
- Varespladib attenuatesRedox report : communications in free radical research · 2025Article
- Inhibiting the Interaction Between Phospholipase A2 and Phospholipid Serine as a Potential Therapeutic Method for Pneumonia.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Preclinical evaluation of small molecule inhibitors as early intervention therapeutics against Russell's viper envenoming in India.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Symptoms and Management of Painful Progressive Swelling in Eswatini Snakebite Patients: A Prospective Observational Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The availability of effective, reliably accessible, and affordable treatments for snakebite envenoming is a critical and long unmet medical need. Recently, small, synthetic toxin-specific inhibitors with oral bioavailability used in conjunction with antivenom have been identified as having the potential to greatly improve outcomes after snakebite. Varespladib, a small, synthetic molecule that broadly and potently inhibits secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2s) venom toxins has renewed interest in this class of inhibitors due to its potential utility in the treatment of snakebite envenoming. The development of varespladib and its oral dosage form, varespladib-methyl, has been accelerated by previous clinical development campaigns to treat non-envenoming conditions related to ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, sepsis, and acute coronary syndrome. To date, twenty-nine clinical studies evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of varespladib for non-snakebite envenoming conditions have been completed in more than 4600 human subjects, and the drugs were generally well-tolerated and considered safe for use in humans. Since 2016, more than 30 publications describing the structure, function, and efficacy of varespladib have directly addressed its potential for the treatment of snakebite. This review summarizes preclinical findings and outlines the scientific support, the potential limitations, and the next steps in the development of varespladib's use as a snakebite treatment, which is now in Phase 2 human clinical trials in the United States and India.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.