ArticleToxics2022
EtG Quantification in Hair and Different Reference Cut-Offs in Relation to Various Pathologies: A Scoping Review.
Article in Toxics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- 4F-MDMB-BICA toxicity: a fatal case and literature review of synthetic cannabinoid fatalities.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Review
- Developing and Demonstrating a Lab Method for Quantifying Hair Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke with a Forensic Perspective.Journal of chemical education · 2026Article
- Acute Intoxication After Baclofen Administration: A Review of the Literature and Methodological Proposals.Toxics · 2025Review
- Long-Term Stability of Ethyl Glucuronide in Hair: A 10-Year Retrospective Analysis of 909 Samples by LC-MS/MS.Drug testing and analysis · 2025Article
- A rare case of lethal lactic acid poisoning: an autopsy case report.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- Multi-Metal Exposure Profiling in ALS Patients in South Korea via Hair Analysis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Cocaine-Induced Cardiac Alterations: Histological and Immunohistochemical Post-Mortem Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The steatotic liver disease burden paradox: unravelling the key role of alcohol.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Development and Validation of a Fast and Sensitive UPLC-MS/MS Method for Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) in Hair, Application to Real Cases and Comparison with Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) in Serum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury as a Public Health Issue: Epidemiology, Prognostic Factors and Useful Data from Forensic Practice.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Alcohol Abuse Disorder Fatality, from Alcohol Binges to Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- RETRACTED: Systematic Review of Fatal Sodium Nitrite Ingestion Cases: Toxicological and Forensic Implications.Toxics · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Intrauterine and Neonatal Exposure to Opioids: Toxicological, Clinical, and Medico-Legal Issues.Toxics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a non-volatile, non-oxidative, hydrophilic, and stable ethanol phase II metabolite. EtG is produced through ethanol glucuronidation by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), a phase II enzyme. EtG can be extracted from different biological matrices, including keratin ones, such as hair or nails. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the relationship between EtG levels in hair and some of the most common and frequent pathological conditions and verify whether different reference cut-offs in relation to various pathologies have been identified in the scientific literature. In fact, in-depth knowledge of the influence of pathologies, such as diabetes mellitus, hepatic and renal dysfunction, on EtG production and its storage in keratin matrices would allow a more appropriate interpretation of obtained data and rule out false positives or false negatives. This scoping review is based on bibliographic research carried out on PubMed regarding the quantification of EtG in hair of subjects affected by different pathological conditions. According to the scientific literature, the main and most common pathologies that can affect the concentration of EtG in hair are liver and kidney diseases and diabetes. The EtG quantification analytical data should be interpreted carefully as they may have a great impact in both forensic and clinical contexts.
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Registered trials
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