ReviewBrain sciences2022
Wechsler Scale Intelligence Testing in Males with Dystrophinopathies: A Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Brain sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating exon skipping in the central nervous system in Duchenne muscular dystrophy using spatial transcriptomics.iScience · 2026Article
- Screening cognitive and academic problems in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Validity and reliability of the Kempenhaeghe Learning Questionnaire.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2026Article
- Cognitive deficits linked to intrinsic timescales and gray matter volume abnormalities in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Article
- Beyond muscle: Delivering RNA therapeutics to the CNS in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2026Review
- Exploratory Analysis of Gut Microbiota Profile in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) Patients with Intellectual Disability.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Understanding Duchenne muscular dystrophy-associated brain pathology.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- Living with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Beyond the Physical Implications: Cognitive Features, Psychopathology Aspects, and Psychosocial Resources-A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Reading skills over time among children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2025Article
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy: recent insights in brain related comorbidities.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Dmd mdx mice have defective oligodendrogenesis, delayed myelin compaction and persistent hypomyelination.Disease models & mechanisms · 2024Article
- Development and Pilot Validation of the DuMAND Checklist to Screen for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy-Associated Neurobehavioral Difficulties (DuMAND).Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2024Article
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy-Associated Neurobehavioral Difficulties: Insights from Clinical Practice.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2024Article
- Comparison of two corticosteroid regimens on brain volumetrics in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntelligence scores in males with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) remain a major issue in clinical practice. We performed a literature review and meta-analysis to further delineate the intellectual functioning of dystrophinopathies.
methodPublished, peer-reviewed articles assessing intelligence, using Wechsler Scales, of males with DMD or BMD were searched from 1960 to 2022. Meta-analysis with random-effects models was conducted, assessing weighted, mean effect sizes of full-scale IQ (FSIQ) scores relative to normative data (Mean = 100, Standard Deviation = 15). Post hoc we analysed differences between performance and verbal intelligence scores.
results43 studies were included, reporting data on 1472 males with dystrophinopathies; with FSIQ scores available for 1234 DMD (k = 32) and 101 BMD (k = 7). DMD males score, on average, one standard deviation below average (FSIQ = 84.76) and significantly lower than BMD (FSIQ = 92.11). Compared to a previous meta-analysis published in 2001, we find, on average, significantly higher FSIQ scores in DMD.
conclusionMales with Duchenne have, on average, significantly lower FSIQ scores than BMD males and the general population. Clinicians must consider lower intelligence in dystrophinopathies to ensure good clinical practice.
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Registered trials
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