ArticleBiology2022
Confocal Identification of Immune Molecules in Skin Club Cells of Zebrafish (
Article in Biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlated evolution of core skin structures in freshwater fishes and challenges to epidermal club cells as the material basis of alarm responses.Frontiers in zoology · 2026Article
- Integrated Sensory and Immune Cell Organization in the Lip Skin of the Goldfish (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The evolution of mast cells across all vertebrate classes: The mystery continues.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- Allies in the Skin Defense System: The Role of Thread Cells in the Evolution of Hagfish (Myxiniformes).Biology · 2025Article
- The axillary lymphoid organ is an external, experimentally accessible immune organ in the zebrafish.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Zebrafish fluorescence imaging platform based on Bessel light sheet illumination.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- Investigating Development and Defense Systems in Early Reproductive Stages of Male and Female Gonads in Black ScorpionfishBiology · 2024Article
- Internal Defense System ofToxics · 2023Article
- Putative chemical cue fromParasitology · 2023Article
- Coelomocytes of the Oligochaeta earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) as evolutionary key of defense: a morphological study.Zoological letters · 2023Article
- Immunohistochemistry of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) in African Bonytongue (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system of a fish has cellular and molecular defense mechanisms that are substantially retained throughout the evolution of vertebrates. The innate immune system provides biological processes, such as phagocytosis and mechanical barriers, to implement an efficient defensive response after exposure to chemical or biological contaminants, pollutants, and contact with parasites, germs, and pathogens. Club cells (CCs) are widespread in the skin of Ostariophysi. After a predator attack or exposure to toxins and parasites, these cells can produce alarming substances. Given their effectiveness against viruses, parasites, and common skin lesions, recent studies have suggested that CCs are a component of the immune system. This study aims to immunohistochemically characterize the CCs for the first time in the skin of zebrafish, using mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, Piscidin1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) peptides involved in the function of all types of vertebrate immune cells. According to our analysis, the intermediate layer of the epidermis exhibited rounded, oval, and elongated CCs, with central acidophilic cytoplasm and a spherical basophilic nucleus, that are positive to the antibodies tested. Our results may confirm that CCs could be involved in the immune function, increasing our knowledge of the immune system of teleosts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.