ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Virulence Determinants and Methicillin Resistance in Biofilm-Forming
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Genetic diversity, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. aureus isolated from raw meat, meat products and veterinary samples of food-producing animals in South African provinces.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Enterotoxin and biofilm producing Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA isolates from animal source foods sold in Assam.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Heavy Metal Contamination in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A Public Health Risk Assessment in Bangladesh.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Occurrence ofToxins · 2025Review
- A Paradigm Shift in SSTI Management: The Multifunctional Role of Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Characterization of enterotoxin, antibiotic resistance genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling ofOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Bacteriophage Resistance, Adhesin's and Toxin's Genes Profile ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Assessment of prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and virulence profiles of biofilm-formingHeliyon · 2024Article
- Antibiogram profiling and detection ofJournal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2024Article
- What Are We Eating? Surveying the Presence of Toxic Molecules in the Food Supply Chain Using Chromatographic Approaches.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A and E and Methicillin Resistance inInternational journal of food science · 2024Article
- Genomic Insights of a Methicillin-Resistant Biofilm-ProducingBioMed research international · 2024Article
- Draft genome sequence of biofilm-forming methicillin-resistantMicrobiology resource announcements · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Determinants inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Molecular Characterization ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, Virulence Determinants, and Biofilm Formation in Enterococci Isolated from Rhesus Macaques (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Bacterial Vaccines Combating Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry.Vaccines · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The eradication of staphylococcal infections has become more difficult due to the development of antibiotic resistance and virulence in biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of the life-threatening zoonotic pathogen, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in foods indicates a public health issue. This study, therefore, aimed to determine virulence factors and methicillin resistance in biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates from different foods and food handlers. A total of 100 PCR-positive S. aureus isolates (97 biofilm formers and three non-biofilm formers) were screened using the disk diffusion method and PCR assay. By PCR, genes encoding virulence factors, e.g., enterotoxin (sea, 30%, 95% CI: 21.90−39.59%), toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst, 20%, 95% CI: 13.34−28.88%), and Panton−Valentine leukocidin toxin (PVL, 15%, 95% CI: 9.31−23.28%), were detected in the S. aureus isolates. By the disk diffusion method, 100% (95% CI: 96.30−100.00%) of S. aureus isolates were phenotypically MRSA in nature, showing 100% resistance to oxacillin and cefoxitin. Moreover, the methicillin-resistant gene mecA was found in 61 (61%, 95% CI: 51.20−69.98%) MRSA isolates. Furthermore, all the S. aureus isolates were phenotypically resistant to ampicillin and penicillin, 30% to erythromycin, and 11% to gentamycin. Among them, 51% (95% CI: 41.35−60.58%) of S. aureus isolates were phenotypically multidrug-resistant in nature, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index varied from 0.33 to 0.55. Genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams (blaZ, 100%, 95% CI: 96.30−100.00%) and tetracyclines (tetA and tetC, 3%, 95% CI: 0.82−8.45%) were found positive in the S. aureus isolates. Genes encoding virulence determinants and MRSA were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in strong biofilm-forming S. aureus than in moderate and non-biofilm-forming isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh to incorporate preliminary data on the occurrence of virulence determinants and methicillin resistance, including resistance to clinically important antibiotics, in biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates from different foods and food handlers in Bangladesh, emphasizing a potential threat to human health.
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